Implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective Smart Home

implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective bruise themeAutomation is the bowel movement that will define the way we will live and work e veryplace the next decade. circulating(prenominal) cornerstone mechanization governances reserve limitations in damage of wireless connectivity, speed, interference, bandwidth and cost of implementation. The proposed insolent billet proportionateness entrusts wireless take of appliances such(prenominal) as lights, fans, and alarms by using sensing elements and Bluetooth. Bluetooth provides superiorer transmittance speed, greater bandwidth, and consumes less military group than existing wireless protocols. Further, the cost of implementation is minimize with the utilize of sensors and Bluetooth. This design incorporates an weapon7 processor that continuously collects light intensity, temperature, and carbon-monoxide levels from sensors and comp ars it with threshold levels, to hold the chasten operation to be transacted on home appliances. The ARM7 processor access appliances using Bluetooth. Further, this smart home system also al embarrasseds individuals to directly restrain their appliances through a smartphone-based android application. This smart home system is utilize and tested under varying conditions to represent its efficiency.LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSADCAnalog to digital ConverterARMAdvanced RISC MachinesBLEBluetooth Low EnergyCPSR on-line(prenominal) Program Status RegisterDTEData Terminal EquipmentFECForward mistake CorrectionFH-CDMAFrequency Hopping Code Division nonuple AccessFIQ immediate Interrupt RequestHVACHigh Voltage Alternating Currentliquid crystal displayLiquid watch crystal DisplayPPMRISCParts Per Million decrease Instruction specialise ComputerRSSIReceived Signal Strength indicatorUART ecumenical asynchronous Receiver/ vectorUPBUniversal Powerline BusUSBUniversal Serial BusCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONHome AutomationWorlds medium of 1934 in Chicago marked the birth of home auto mation. Initially, the application could not look at an enormous impact on society. The reason for the slow induct was high price and complexity making it hard to install. However as smartphones and tablets came into existence, the implementation of this engine room became much easier. The automation technology helps in achieving greater efficiency and provides higher security.Expectations from a Smart HomeThe major parameters to tincture for in the implementation of a smart home can be as followsCompatibility of the protocol. The system should communicate with the major protocols in home automation like ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth.Wireless access. The system should be capable of wireless affiliation such as Wi-Fi Connectivity thereby eliminating all physical complexities.Scope for expansion. The system should support a higher number of products.Scope for scheduling. The design of the system should be able to support scheduling of different tasks at home like turning off lig hts when nobody at home.Remote access. Having an mechanical man support is imperative these days. If the system is matched with a smartphone, it makes this process very smooth as almost every individual today has a smartphone.Emergency notification. The system should send messages indicating emergency or threat to the ho consumption.Smart Home Community ResponseVarious studies have been conducted to find give away if consumers are ready to take up smart home technology. A study from Coldwell Banker Real Estate and CNET carried out in June 2015, said that 28% of internet users in The United States have smart homes and 90% of them would root on smart home technology. The report also suggests that 25% of Americans use smart home products which save them around 30 minutes a day on average which are equivalent to $1,000 per year. As per a survey, 75% of the smart homeowners believe that this technology brings peace of mind regarding security.CHAPTER 2 reexamine OF LITERATUREExisting Protocols in Home Automation IndustryThe maturation in the use of smart home systems leads to the development of different protocols. The protocols are selected based on the type of intercourse among various affiliated devices. let us see the major protocols in home automation industryX10 TechnologyX10 is the oldest home automation protocol developed in 1970. Initially, the technology was a originline-based system which slowly went wireless. X10 technology uses the power lines in the home to allow communication between various appliances. X10 is reliable as it makes use of power lines. However, it is subject to interference from former(a) devices in the circuit. It does not provide a speed communication between devices. It can only perform 16 commands sent one at a clock time.INSTEON TechnologyINSTEON was introduced in the year 2005. It was designed to bridge the gap between powerline systems and wireless protocols. INSTEON is compatible with X10 technology making it easy for those who have an existing X10 cyberspace. It supports automation novices which make sufficeting up or adding devices easy for the non-technical users. INSTEON can support more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 65,000 commands.It is capable of transmitting commands with little interference. One need not have to enroll INSTEON into home automation network. INSTEON network can have more than four hundred devices connected in a single installation. The dual-band mesh network can convert all powerline-operated devices into repeatersZigBee TechnologyZigBee is a wireless communication standard built by IEEE. It runs on 802.15.4 wireless communication standard. ZigBee is developing significantly in recent times. However, ZigBees full acceptance as a home automation protocol is still in question. The reason be its interoperability. In most cases, ZigBee devices have bother in communicating with devices from other manufacturers. Each device uses different methods to accomplish the same tas k which causes the difficulty in communication. Perhaps, for the same reason, manufacturers use ZigBee to limit third-party devices.Wi-Fi TechnologyWi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi makes use of radio relative frequency transmission of information through the air. Speed in a Wi-Fi connection may vary from 1mbps to 2mbps. Wi-Fi works in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. The ramble on for Wi-Fi is 40-300 feet. Wi-Fi runs on an inbuilt technology known as frequency division multiplexing technology.However, the major drawback with Wi-Fi is the interference and bandwidth issues. With too many Wi-Fi compatible devices, each device must fight for bandwidth resulting in more time to respond thereby making it work slowly. Also, Wi-Fi consumes much power.CHAPTER 3BLUETOOTH engineeringIn 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications was the freshman to initiate research on the possibility of wireless links. Their aim was to develop a cost-effective radical to replace cables as a mode of commu nication between computers and peripherals. Ericsson on with Nokia, Intel, IBM, and Toshiba, formed a group known as Bluetooth Special interest group Group (SIG) with a common motive of developing the unique technology. The first Bluetooth technical specification released in 1999.Bluetooth SpecificationBluetooth specification for Classic Bluetooth/Bluetooth grassroots dictate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) is below in confuse 1. parry 1. Specifications of Classic BluetoothTechnical SpecificationClassic BluetoothModulation proficiencyFrequency HoppingModulation SchemeGFSKModulation Index0.35Number of channel79Channel Bandwidth1 MHzNominal Data Rate1-3 MbpsApplication Throughput0.7 2.1 MbpsNodes/Active Slaves7Security56 128 position spokespersonCapableBluetooth Technology A Good Choice for Smart HomeBluetooth is a solution to some different issues which existed earlier, likeSpeed.Bluetooth provides a transmission speed of 1 Mbps. It can handle up to terzetto parting channels simultaneously.Power.Bluetooth technology has a special feature of limiting the transmitters power as per the demand. With the help of a Received Signal Strength power (RSSI), a Bluetooth receiver can determine the transmission power compulsory by the transmitter.Security.Bluetooth has three built-in features which aim at providing secure data or voice transmissionPrevents access to transmitted data by providing proper authentication.Data is encrypted over-the-air (OTA) which eliminated eaves-droppings. Also, an appropriate key is required to decrypt such dataIt makes use of Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS) which further eliminates eavesdroppingReliability.Bluetooth Technology uses three techniques to ensure protocol reliability. They are Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA), Error Correction and Received Signal Strength indicant (RSSI).Therefore, with the help of these techniques, the performance degradation is minimized.CHAPTER 4SYSTEM COMPONENTSHardw are ComponentsTABLE 2. Components Required for the DesignPower Supply12V DC Battery central processorAdvanced RISC Machine (ARM7)Serial CommunicationUniversal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART)Wireless CommunicationBluetooth ModuledetectorsLight parasitical Resistor (LDR), Temperature Sensor (LM35), andGas Sensor (MQ-2)DisplayLiquid Crystal Display (LCD)Smart Phone DisplayLoads/Appliances/DevicesLED, Computer Fan, and Alarm/chimeSoftware ApplicationsTABLE 3. Software Required for the DesignMATLABTo capture the sensor outputsKEILTo write the code for the functioning of processorFlash MagicTo position the code into the processorSYSTEM ARRANGEMENTPower SupplyThe image uses an AJC D1.3S battery with 12 Volt/1.3Ah configuration.Liquid Crystal DisplayThe epitome uses an 1602A LCD module with chase features16 Character x 2 LineSingle power supply of 5VInput data 4-bits or 8-bits interface1/16Duty, 1/5BiasRelayThe prototype uses NRP07-C12DS relay to control the loads.Rating 10A/28VDC scoopimum Switching Voltage 30VDCOperate Time 8msec. MaxRelease Time 5msec. MaxBluetooth ModuleBT24 Bluetooth module is a low cost series from Amped RF Technology.ConfigurationCortex-M3 microprocessor up to 72MHzUART, up to 921K baud13 general purpose I/O4 x 12-bit A/D inputsAmpedUP Bluetooth stack (SPP, IAP, A2DP)Support Apple IOS/MFI Bluetooth devices.BT24 FeaturesBluetooth v3.0Range up to 60m LOS400 Kbps data through-put128-bit encryption security.Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) mainframeIn 1985, Acorn computers developed the first prototype of ARM in England. ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine. Currently, ARM is designed and marketed by ARM Holdings. As the name suggests, ARM uses RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. The design, instruction set and decode mechanism of the RISC is much simpler than Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) design.ARM FeaturesARM7 has the following features32-bit RISC processorLow power consumption 0.6mA/MHz at 3V fabri catedFast interrupt response for real-time applicationsFully static operation ideal for power nice applicationsHigh-performance RISC 17 MIPS sustained at 25 MHz at 3VIn-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot- loader software. Single gilded sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1ms.Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART)UART is a chip designed to control all serial devices connected to a processor. The name asynchronous means that UART does not need a predefined clock for synchronization. UART comes with an RS232 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) which helps to communicate with serial devices. It has a chicken feed bit, seven data bits, a parity bit and a develop bit. UART provides a full duplex transmission which means that data expatriation is possible in two ways, simultaneously. Therefore, both the ends have to come to an agreement with the parameters like word length, a parity bit, and some stop bit s.FeaturesUART has the following features,Burst rates up to 6 M-bits/secondHigh level of transmission and reception of dataUART converts the received bytes into single serial bit stream for transmissionProvides buffering of data to maintain the coordination of serial devices with the computerParity, run down and framing error detection.Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) SensorAn LDR has a resistance which changes as per the amount of light falling upon it. It is often use to detect the presence of light in a circuit. An LDR has a high resistance of about 1000000 ohms. However, the resistance falls drastically one time the bright light falls on it.CharacteristicsTABLE 4. LDR CharacteristicsParameterConditions bitTypeMaxUnitCell Resistance1000 sixty10 lux4009OhmK OhmDark Resistance1M OhmDark Capacitance3.5pF parent Time1000 LUX10 LUX2.818msmsFall Time1000 LUX10 LUX48120msmsVoltage AC/DC Peak320V muckCurrent75mA maxPower Dissipation100mW maxOperating Temperature-60+75Deg. CTemperature SensorLM35 is a national semiconductor device precision temperature sensor. It is a temperature sensitive voltage source. For every 1oC rise in temperature, the voltage increases by 10mV. In other words, the output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature.SpecificationLinear +10-mV/oC scale factorRated for full -55 oC to cl oC rangeSuitable for remote applicationsOperates from 4 V to 30 VLow self-heating, 0.08 oC in still air0.5 oC ensured accuracy (at 25 oC). hummer SensorMQ-2 gas sensor consists of a sensitive material called SnO2. SnO2 has disdain conductivity which helps in the working of MQ-2 in clean air.CharacteristicsHigh sensitiveness to LPG, Propane and HydrogenSensitivity to Combustible gas in wide rangeLong Life and Low CostSpecificationsTABLE 5. Specifications of Gas SensorConcentration300 10000ppmLoop Voltage 5Slope