Controlling Chemical and Biological Weapons Essay -- Exploratory Essay

Controlling chemical substance and Biological Weapons History and IntroductionChemical and biological weapons (CBWs) have been utilize over the ages as an effective means of warfargon. The earliest incident of biological weapons (BWs) occurred in the third century B.C., when the Carthaginian attracter Hannibal filled up pots with venomous snakes and threw them onto enemy ships. (Cirincione, 48) Since then, biological weapons have been used very infrequently. This is mainly due to enormous cost required to create and cargo deck BWs (many of the groups who have attempted to create such weapons have ended up infecting themselves to a greater extent often then their intended targets). (Henderson, 25) In contrast, chemical weapons have been used fairly frequently in warfare. The earliest example of chemical weapons comes from the Trojan War when the Greeks mixed sulfur and pitch resin to engulf enemy soldiers in toxic fumes. (Cirincione, 51) More recently the Germans and the Allies of World War I utilized the capabilities of centiliter gas in order to asphyxiate their enemies.(Slotten, 478) These weapons are thought to have been employed more frequently because they are more humane than biological or traditional weapons of war. Explains Capt. Alfred T Mahan of the U.S. Army after the Germans deployed chlorine gas during WWI, the use of gases might make war more humane, instead of dying an agonizing death from horrible wounds, soldiers might be incapacitated by gas and then be humanely carted off to prisoner of war camps where they could quickly recuperate with no ill effects.(Slotten, 478) Though Mahans rationale may be a little nave, one can see why after the war there were many advocates for chemical weapons. Since their application in WWI by both the... ... the intelligence of the authorities in developed nations, who in turn can put political pressure on the nations building CBWs. Intelligence is the key. The more we know, the easier it is to stop terroris t groups and nations from using these weapons of mass destruction.SourcesCirincione, Joseph, with Jon B. Wolfsthal and Miriam Rajkumar, Deadly Arsenals Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction. The Brooking Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 2002.Henderson, Harry, Global Terrorism The Complete Reference Guide. Checkmark Boook, 2001. New York, N.Y.Moodie, Michael.Agents of Death. Forum for Applied look for and Public Policy, Spring 2000. v15 i1 p6.Slotten, Hugh R. Humane Chemistry or Scientific Barbarism? American Responses to World War I Poison Gas, 1915-1930. The Journal of American History, account book 77, Issue 2. September, 1990. p. 476-498.

David Gutersons Snow Falling on Cedars Essay examples -- Guterson Sno

David Gutersons Snow Falling on Cedars The early 1940s were tough times for many Nipponese living in America. This is all repayable to the Japanese and American conflict in World War II, after Japan decided to bomb os Harbor. After this incident many Japanese-Americans were discriminated against and were conceit of as bad Japanese instead of the Americans they were. A lot of these Japanese-Americans were unfairly sent to internment camps in the United States. This is also true of the incidents that take set up in the fictional novel Snow Falling On Cedars, by David Guterson.The discrimination all started at about 800 AM on celestial latitude 7, 1941. At this time the Japanese assembled a fleet of planes and attacked Pearl Harbor, which is located off the shore of Hawaii. The Japanese decided to attack the United States because the U.S. enforced an oil color embargo against Japan. This attack included a striking force of 353 Japanese aircraft. This was done by tot al surprise, before in that respect was even a white-tie declaration of war. This was a well-planned time for the attack seeing how there were about 100 of the United States ships present on that day. At the same time there was an attack on a nearby field. This attack destroyed 18 of the United States aircraft (Pearl 1).During the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, there were 127,000 people of Japanese decent that were living in America. Many of the Americans began to fear that these people were going to turn on America and help out their country of ancestry. The following acknowledgment shows what it was like for many Japanese living in America. Some 1,500 enemy aliens who were thought to have connections with Japan were immediately rounded up and interned by the De... ...s, the eye of a man hiding something (269). The Americans judge the Kabuo because of his squinted Japanese eyes. They think that his eyes show that he is hiding his guilt.The novel Snow Falling On Cedars shows a lot of the same prejudice that was around in the real world during World War II. This book was just a fictional story, but it by all odds did deal with the situation of the real world at that time. Hopefully one day all races and ethnicities can unite and live in one send with out prejudice.Works CitedArrington, Leonard. The Price of Prejudice. Logan, Utah The Faculty Association UtahState University, 1962Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York Vintage Books, 1995Korematsu V. US Pearl Harbor Remembered

Testing the Theory of Multitasking Essay -- Stroop Effect, Experimenta

This experimental investigation has to do with how humans attention work. It is based on a coming back of the well-known Stroop Effect carried out on 1935 by John Ridley Stroop. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate how hard it is for a persons attention to be divided in different tasks, by making the participants read a series of three stimuli which consisted of 1) words of colourise in black ink, 2) words of colors in their actual font color, and 3) color words with different ink, where the participant read the font instead of the word present. The research hypothesis supposed that selective attention is as easy to be performed visually as well as audibly. The controlled variable of the experiment were the black ink color words, fleck the back up stimuli was considered to be experimental variable. There were two independent variables that were the color words corresponding to their color and the number of mistakes each(prenominal) participant made in each category. Th e dependent variable was the third stimuli, where the participant read its font rather than the word presented. The experiment was completed within a group of sixteen participants from an get along range of 13-16 (eight girls and eight boys in total). The average time and mistakes in each variable was the following 9.28 seconds with no mistakes, 9.53 seconds with one mistake, and 25.53 seconds and an average of two mistakes. In conclusion, the observations were that it took overmuch more time in the last stimuli, which was the one that divided attention into two tasks. Implication findings would be the modicum amount of participants in the experiment. The aim of the experiment was to split the implications attention has when it is used in two different tasks. This inve... ...me day at almost the same time. They were also tested one at a time, while the others stayed in a classroom being unexposed to what they would do when it was their turn. If the words are given in the partic ipants natal language, there would be a greater reliability of results since it was their most proficient language. Two of the participants had the experiment conducted at a later hour on another environment.Works CitedBACKGROUND ON THE STROOP EFFECT. Rochester Institute of Technology. Web. 16Feb. 2010. . BDoughertyAmSchool - IB information - grade 11. BDoughertyAmSchool - home. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .Participant Selection -. Participedia. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

Happiness in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essays -- Brave New World

When we look to define happiness, many different ideas come to mind. Websters New Collegiate Dictionary uses triple definitions for happiness good fortune, a state of well being and contentment, and a pleasurable satisfaction. In Brave New World, Aldus Huxley argues that a society can define happiness through the governments manipulation of the environment and the human mind itself. The government accomplishes this by mind conditioning throughout the process of maturing, belongings a caste-based society, and obliterating problems. The government thus defines happiness as the absence of all conflict. This differs from happiness as the American society sees it the ability to pursue and enjoy idiosyncratic desires.The conditioning of minds allows the government to impress its ideas upon maturing children. The process used is hypnopdia, or repetition of sayings during sleep. After many repetitions of one phrase, the idea is hardened within the human mind, proving about difficul t to undo. Evidence of this method to provide artificial happiness surfaces in both Lenina and Bernards actions. Huxley states this coldly during Leninas trip home with Henry Foster, What a hideous color khaki is, remarked Lenina, voicing the hypnopdic prejudices of her caste (62). Khaki is a color worn by lower castes in the society and the higher castes argon taught not to associate with them. Bernards hypnopdic lessons did not work as well as most. He sees everything in this artific...

The History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States Essay exam

The History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States Immigration to the United States has been occurring for centuries now. For years people from entirely different parts of the globe have dreamed of living in the United States, which is known to many a(prenominal) foreigners as the land of opportunity. There are so many ethnic groups that exist in the United States that it has become known as the melting pot of the world. The Puerto Ricans migration to the United States was not an easy process. The Puerto Ricans faced inequality in many walks of life in the USA. They were taken advantage of because they were naive and vulnerable to this new life. Eventually, in the twentieth century, the Puerto Ricans realized that they could stand up for themselves and what started kayoed as class politics ended up giving rise to ethnic politics. The Puerto Ricans first migrated to the United States in the1860s. It wasnt until the US domination of the island economically that the come of migration to the US started to grow. The Unites States found it necessary to implement a capitalistic way of life, which in turn brought about the problem of overpopulation. A way for the US to maintain this situation was to ship many Puerto Ricans to the United States. Once they reached the mainland the Puerto Ricans were in need of work and willing to work for low wages. Puerto Ricans had absolutely no say in what their salary would be. They only received $.05 above the minimum wage for agricultural workers in New Jersey. For more history on Puerto Ricans and their migration to the United States read capital of Minnesota Alfonsos paper. His paper describes the Puerto Rican history and struggle in migrating to the United States. Puerto Ricans also f... ...rea resented the constantly growing Puerto Rican population...at times the fights in the neighborhood bars would become serious. After the disturbances up in Harlem, this situation got e ven worse. Hardly a day went by that a Puerto Rican child didnt come home from school with a black eye. Mothers lived in constant fear. (Vega p.151) These organizations that were formed in the 60s and 70s helped better the life of Puerto Ricans in the United States. Puerto Ricans are now fully recognized as citizens of the United States. Although the struggle hushed exists Puerto Ricans have come a long way and have many people in politics that represent a strong voice for many of the Puerto Rican communities. Cruz helped stand up for ethnic politics and paved the way for many soon to be Puerto Rican-American leaders.

The History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States Essay exam

The History of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States Immigration to the United States has been occurring for centuries now. For years people from all different separate of the globe have dreamed of living in the United States, which is known to many foreigners as the land of opportunity. There are so many cultural groups that exist in the United States that it has be come about known as the melting pot of the world. The Puerto Ricans migration to the United States was not an easy process. The Puerto Ricans faced discrimination in many walks of life in the USA. They were taken advantage of because they were naive and vulnerable to this new life. Eventually, in the twentieth century, the Puerto Ricans realized that they could stand up for themselves and what started out as single out politics ended up giving rise to ethnic politics. The Puerto Ricans first migrated to the United States in the1860s. It wasnt until the US domination of the island economically that th e numbers of migration to the US started to grow. The Unites States nominate it necessary to implement a capitalistic way of life, which in turn brought about the problem of overpopulation. A way for the US to handle this built in bed was to direct many Puerto Ricans to the United States. Once they reached the mainland the Puerto Ricans were in need of work and willing to work for low wages. Puerto Ricans had absolutely no say in what their salary would be. They single received $.05 above the minimum wage for agricultural workers in New Jersey. For more explanation on Puerto Ricans and their migration to the United States read Paul Alfonsos paper. His paper describes the Puerto Rican history and struggle in migrating to the United States. Puerto Ricans also f... ...rea resented the constantly growing Puerto Rican population...at times the fights in the neighborhood bars would become serious. After the disturbances up in Harlem, this situation got ev en worse. Hardly a day went by that a Puerto Rican child didnt come home from school with a black eye. Mothers lived in constant fear. (Vega p.151) These organizations that were form in the 60s and 70s helped better the life of Puerto Ricans in the United States. Puerto Ricans are now fully recognized as citizens of the United States. Although the struggle still exists Puerto Ricans have come a long way and have many people in politics that represent a strong voice for many of the Puerto Rican communities. Cruz helped stand up for ethnic politics and paved the way for many soon to be Puerto Rican-American leaders.

Of Mice and Men Commentary

Of Mice and Men is a novel written by the 1962 Nobel Prize winner, John Steinbeck. It is an emotional tale of the exceptional friendship between George and Lennie, who are traveling workers in the harsh depression years of the 1930s. George is a caring psyche whose love to Lennie is just like a father-son relationship, where Lennie, a ment anyy challenged composition whose strength lies in body rather than brain, appears to be very dependent on George. Of Mice and Men teaches a universal penning about the nature of human beings that a person whose baron exists over another turns corrupt.Steinbeck exploits the theme of power and control in his novel through the bulky use of sexism, racial discrimination, and the power of the strong over the weak. Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior over the other. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck undoubtedly shows that the power is revolve around on the majority sex, which is the males, against the minority, the females, where in this no vel is Curleys wife. By simply keeping the character nameless and using the expression Curleys wife to identify her is a clear example of referring to her as an object without any respect rather than a person. Curleys wife shows how women during the early 1900s were inferior down the stairs the men. She is merely the spouse of Curley as far as all the men in the counterpane are concerned. They are only forced to relate to her through Curley if they fear him or indirect request no trouble, the men entrust stay extraneous from her. George, for example, has set goals in his mind that he is committed to, thus he will stay away from her in order not to reward into any trouble. On the other hand, if they do not fear anyone, they can jollify their time with the intention of forming a physical relationship with her.Lennie, whose childish mind cannot comprehend why he should stay away from Curleys wife, falls into the trap and gets severe consequences for doing so. She is simply a per son living in the ranch with the purpose of only to obey Curley with no voice to complain to. All the men including Curley may go to the cathouse and enjoy their time Curleys wife on the other hand, may not dare to do the same, along with Crooks. During the 1900s, racial discrimination was widely used throughout America, a land that is filled with various ethnic groups. Steinbeck portrays the cruel racist manner that is used throughout on the stable buck, Crooks.He lives a separate, isolated life under everyone in the ranch, and is incapable to protest, merely because he is black. He is terribly labeled with the epithet of a nigger from everyone else. Steinbeck portrays him as an unfortunate man for being innate(p) black with no power at all and may not do anything about it. He is not allowed to enter any white mans room, and to more or less raise his own degraded dignity, does the same, not allowing any white man to his room although he only says so, it is not necessarily true as we later on on see that George and candy enter.Crooks is a person where all the sorrows and miseries of another can be thrown on him because he is powerless to object. As concisely as Curleys wife feels insulted from him and Candy, she threatens him verbally, using her superior social status as a white woman, Well you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you draw out in a tree so easy it aint even funny. Although most people in the ranch appear to want friendship, they all live with hidden fear of each other.The years of the great depression left everyone trying to look stronger and better than the other, or otherwise the strong will get rid of them the killing of Candys dog is a great symbol for that which makes it clear. Candys dog is ought to get shot and killed, even though it has spent its lifetime with Candy, because it is right away old and useless. The stronger, in this case man (Carlson), mercilessly shoots Candys dog, who knew nothing of his grief fate. Candy then sees his reflection upon the killing of his dog, that he will soon get too old and therefore useless, which will then have him left alone.This pushes him into desperately asking George to permit him to join with him and Lennie for the pursuit of their own dream ranch, Thas trinity hundred an fifty bucks Id put in, I aint much good, but I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. On the contrary, Curley is a man who takes advantage of his authority and power to oppress and mock others to make himself seem stronger and even more powerful. He uses his power and gender to boss around with workers of his ranch and his wife, respectively. However, when he chose to do so towards Lennie, Lennie reacts angrily and smashes his hand.Through the intense use of sexism, racial discrimination, and the power of the strong over the weak, Steinbeck successfully exploits the theme of power and control. Whether it is mentally, physically, or money wise, power seems to be moving from o ne person to another depending on the situation. Perhaps it really is the roots of evil that occurs as a result of soulfulness realizing his power over others, and then uses it for his own personal desires, while taking advantage of others. In other words, as the Arabic proverb professes, a persons power and freedom is corrupt when it limits the power and freedom of another.

Social control, discipline and regulation

Many more serious crimes much(prenominal) as large scale tax evasion which costs the government a lot of money, argon often overlooked and are seldom prosecuted. Over time some laws which are no longer relevant are disseminated and other acts become poisonouss. These diverge with new governments and societal and culture changes. In 1967 the Sexual Offences Act was introduced which made it illegal in Britain for men of any age to have consensual hinge on together. Over time society has come to accept gay relationships and so in turn the law surrounding gay couples has also relaxed.In 2005 civil partnerships were introduced to wear gay couples similar rights to married couples and the current government Is looking at making gay marriages legal. If deviant conduct seems to becoming more common, such as bulk carrying weapons then new legislations are put in place or existing legislations are updated and more harsh penalties are put in place to deter criminals and reduce crimes and visitation. Travis Hirsh (1969) through his genial bond theory tries to explain why some people dont commit crime. He argues the question wherefore do they do it? Is not a question the apply theory is signed to answer.The important question he says is Why dont we do it? 1. Hirsh identified iv main characteristics or social bonds which explain conformity. The more a individual features these characteristics the less likely they are to become deviant or criminal. Attachment to family and friends he seen as the most Important factor In his social bond theory, this influence supports our norms, values and conscience. If we did not care about how we were perceived by our family and friends then we would be free to act deviant. Commitment to achievement Is another actor, this refers to how much effort, time and money a person puts into a particular activity.A person such as a doctor who has spent a lot of time, effort and money on educating themselves is less likely to become devian t because a criminal record could result in them losing their job. Involvement in conventional activities leaves a person with less time to think about or get convolute in deviant activities. Belief refers to the strength of our commitment to a particular belief. There are variations in our beliefs the less a person believes he should derive the rules the more likely he is to elate them. A criticism of Hirers work would be to ask why people commit crime.This assumes that law abiding behavior is normal and that the majority of people do not commit crimes. In some sub cultures deviant behavior is the norm, children born Into this kind of culture and sire up breaking the law because It Is normal to them. Walsh does not explain this kind of behavior. When crimes are committed the judicial dodge uses different forms of penalty or social control. This is used to law. Harsh forms of social control are im prisonment or even death in some countries. A softer form of social control is th ings like fines and community service.In Michel modules book, Discipline and Punishment, he looks at the birth of the prison and how the penal system has changed from. In the 17th century the forms of penalization were brutal exoteric rags, humiliations, hangings and executions which focussed on hurting the physical body. This triggered many riots in sympathy and support for the convict the public were against these cruel methods of punishment which were also inconsistent. powers believes this form of punishment was to show the power of the state rather than to act as deterrence.Prisons were first introduced in the 18th century as a result of the public protests for punishment without torture. Prisons focused punishment on the souls and minds of prisoners as the mind was now seen as more valuable and the body was seen as Just a machine controlled by the mind. This new form of discipline and punishment was able to control and manage the prisoner at all times rather than short bur sts of bodily torture which was previously used. The prison became more than a place where offenders were deprived and became a place where discipline could be instilled.Faculty saw this as abuse of power, its main enjoyment would have been, an attempt to reform the criminal in the hope that upon his release he would be less likely to refined and become a bestow member of society. Faculty believes that detention causes recidivism and states, those leaving prison have more chance of going back to it a very high proportion, up to 38 per cent of inmates were convicted again 2. If prisons worked then they would be empty. Jeremy Beneath a utilitarian philosopher was interested in the design of prisons. He designed a circular prison which he called the Pontific.It had a underlying tower so prison officers had a 360 view and could see into all of the cells at all times. The inmates could not see into the central tower and so never knew if they were being watched. The exact blueprint was never built but it did have some impact on how future prisons were designed. Faculty said that constant supervision and forced discipline broke the will of the criminal and made him into a docile body which is easily controlled by people in authority. This was then ideal for the new economics, politics and warfare of modern industrial society.It enslaves us to a life of government controlled discipline. Critiques of Faculty have focused mainly on his ideas of struggle for self-freedom from the disciplines of society, believing that people should be unique individuals and be their true self. He does not explain this in depth nor does he explain how it fits in with society. Edward W Said states other critics of Faculty argue he did not go in depth when explaining the struggle amid identity operator and society. Faculty did not give a purpose for the struggle or a goal to be obtained. Why should complete individuality be the net purpose in life? For Faculty there seems to be no foc al mint, but rather an endless network of relations (Ho, 1986 55). If a person were to believe Facultys idea then following any rule of society would be submitting to the discipline of society. The anti-institutional consensus of the sasss refers to a cultural movement that developed in the unify States and England. The baby boom children from the sasss were growing up in the sasss. The growing consciousness of a younger generation may have led to a slant in perspectives on societal wrongdoings. Race relations, womens rights and differing interpretations of the American Dream.People questioned the legitimacy of the state and started to challenge authority, this resulted in boycotts, marches, protests, sit-ins and riots. Along with drug use and sexual liberation, criminality rocketed. The social occasion of women as full time homemakers in industrial society was challenged in 1963, giving way to the womens movement and influencing a second wave in feminism. The approachability of birth control was the foundation of the sexual liberation. The idea of recreational sex without the threat of unwanted pregnancies changed society as it allowed men a women greater freedom outdoor(a) traditional marriage.With this change in attitude, the amount of children born outside wedlock in the I-J rose from 8% in 1971 to nearly 45 % in 2007 3. This counterculture of the sasss influenced Governments to think criminal acts. There were changes in human rights and laws were put in place to tackle discrimination between men and women. From 1967 abortion became legal, and women became able to divorce their husbands when the dissociate Reform Act came into force in 1969. John Breathiest, an Australian criminologist recognizes that the current criminal justice system labels and astigmatisms offenders, making crime problems worse.He looks at the relationship between crime and social reactions in his book Crime, Shame and Reintegration. He believes a restorative Justice system to b e more good than a correctional Justice system which enables offenders and dupes to come together. He suggests the key to crime control is cultural shaming and making the offender feel remorse for what he has done. Breathiest identifies two types of shaming. decompositional shaming is where the offender is stigmatize and excluded from society, becoming labeled along with his behavior.Reintegrating shaming is where criminal behavior is condemned rather than the offender. He is kept within society and is shown forgiveness through row or gestures. Breathiest argues that crime rates are higher in places where disintegrative shaming is used. His hypothesis is that in societies where there is a strong commitment to place corporate interests over individual interest there are stronger incentives for people to conform and lower crime rates. He uses the example of Japan which is highly urbanites and densely live we would assume that crime rates would be high.Arrest rates are high UT pr osecution rates are low. Cultural factors play an important role, reinforce and pride within Japanese families is very important so bringing shame upon the family is a deterrent to committing crimes. These traditions date back to the Samurai Warriors who would fall upon their own swords (Hair Kari) to counter bringing shame upon their families. Japanese parents often commit suicide when their children commit serious crimes as they cannot cope with the shame and feel partly responsible. It is hard to examine the I-J with societies such as Japan which is a more equal society and less diverse.In the I-J the Home Office gave legislative endorsement to these ideas in 1998 Crime and disease Act and the 1999 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act formulateing the definition of restorative Justice as restoration, reintegration and responsibility 4. All kinds of initiatives that attempt to bring the victim and the offender together now carries the label restorative. Rock (1990) describ ed the restorative system as a dead duck so it is interesting to reflect upon the process whereby it gained its current status. Daly (2002) discusses in detail the that the current punitive Justice system to be ineffective.Prisons in England are currently close to full capacity, if they were effective they would be empty. Inmates are reportedly more likely to become recidivists and commit new crimes that they have learnt from other inmates. This causes greater problems for the Government when it comes to tackling crime. I believe that Michel Faculty is right in the sense that imprisonment, along with constant supervision and discipline is an abuse of power. John Barbiturates work on a restorative Justice system could be beneficial to some offenders, victims and more importantly society as a whole.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

McCulloch vs. bloody shameland is one of the most significant cases ever decided by the United asseverates irresponsible Court, and is possibly tout ensemble the more significant in that it was one of earliest cases of major proportions decided by the court. The background of this case extends m each years before its 1819 arbitrary Court decision. In 1791, the Congress of the United evidences created the First Bank of the United States. The First Bank was primarily formed in coif to help calm debt accumulated during the Revolutionary War. The brainchild of then-Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, it was bitterly opposed by many. The First Bank remained in existence until 1811, when Congress decided to let its charter expire.Economic troubles in the United States continued during that time period, and especially as a result of the War of 1812. In 1816, a proposition was passed to form the moment Bank of the United States in order to combat debt that continued to mou nt. As with the charter of the First Bank, the charter of the heartbeat Bank was only authorized to expire for twenty years. Opposition to the Second Bank was even fiercer than opposition to the First Bank.The State of Maryland, to protect itself from loan mandates of the Second Bank, passed a law imposing a tax on any bank not chartered by the State of Maryland. The only bank at that time to charter operations in Maryland but without being chartered by the State of Maryland was the Second Bank of the United States. The Second Bank refused to pay the imposed taxed, and the State of Maryland filed suit against the local representative for the bank, James McCulloch.Before being heard by the Supreme Court of the United States, McCulloch vs. Maryland was first heard by a state court in Maryland and later the Maryland Court of Appeals. Both the state court and the Court of Appeals held for the State of Maryland. When the case came to the Supreme Court on error in 1819, the highest bod y of the land reversed the decision of both the Court of Appeals and the state court in Maryland, holding for the national governance.The argument used by the State of Maryland in support of their right to tax an institution conducting business without their borders was that the Constitution did not make any provisions affecting banking. Further, the State of Maryland argued that because of that Constitutional omission, the Federal Government did not shit the proper authority to charter a bank and therefore, the Second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional. On the side of the Federal Government, the argument was offered that nothing in the Constitution prohibited the formation of the bank in order to conduct important financial business on behalf of the unpolished. The Court sided with this argument and found that the taxed imposed by the State of Maryland improperly interfered with the business of the Federal Government.The current impact of McCulloch vs. Maryland is profound. Two important principles that would be used repeatedly in later years resulted from this decision. The first principle holds that the Constitution grants to Congress legitimate implied powers to be used in upholding express powers granted by the Constitution. What this means is that it can be inferred that certain actions may become necessary in order to ensure the functionality of the Federal Government. The second principle is that no state can interfere in the conduct of the Federal Government when that conduct is protected or provided for by the Constitution. In the decision of the Court, written by Chief evaluator John marshall, a statement is made thatIf the States may tax one instrument, industrious by the Government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail they may tax the masses they may tax patent rights they may tax the papers of the custom house they may tax judicial process they may tax all the mean s employed by the Government to an excess which would defeat all the ends of Government.In deliberately enumerating some many other actions that could follow, the slippery slope of decision for the State of Maryland is indicated, clearly showing that to allow such taxation would be detrimental to the workings of the government as a whole.Steven Engel, in an article published by the Yale Law Journal, writing that one of the significant results of the decision in McCulloch vs. Maryland is in the crafting of the Fourteenth Amendment, saying In drafting naval division 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Republicans borrowed explicitly from McCulloch in granting Congress the power to enforce the provisions of the amendment by appropriate legislation. (Engel, 1999)Specifically, the language of the fourteenth amendment states The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. (Fourteenth Amendment) The significance of a court case leading to the construction of part of a Constitutional amendment is tremendous. Before, the State of Maryland could argue that no specialized provision existed in the Constitution, to which the Supreme Court responded with the concept of implied powers. Now, with the influence of McCulloch v. Maryland on the formation of the Fourteenth Amendment, specific provisions existed for the Government to take the moves necessary to uphold the law of the land.Martin Flaherty, in a journal article discussing the Supreme Court decisions of John Marshall, describes the Chief Justice as a judicial equivalent to Shakespeare, in the eloquent manner in which he wrote. He goes on to say, however, that Marshall was very firm in his view of We the People, as opposed to We the States. Whereas history teaches that the Constitution was a massive effort of the states to come together in agreement over laws for the country, Flaherty states that Marshall views the Constitution as a result of the work of the peopl e.He states, The usualand criticalcorollary that follows holds that the national populace erred on the side of according power to the national government at the expense of the states, as McCulloch appears to indicate. (Flaherty, 2002) This article indicates that the overriding impact of McCulloch v. Maryland on the nightspot of the time as well as society today is that the people are stronger en masse than the states in which they happen to reside. This impact of empowerment carries through to the modern day, both in the case of singular people and of the collective people of the Federal government.Although the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland was made almost 190 years ago, it is as significant now as it was then. Between establishing, firmly, the concept of implied powers as well as clearly holding the superiority of the Federal Government over state governments, its reach is remote and long. Going far beyond the issue of banking, McCullochs legacy may be the empowerment of the phrase We the People and the impact that phrase has had on the citizens of this country for the past two hundred years.ReferencesEngle, S. (1999). The McCulloch Theory of the Fourteenth Amendment City of Boerne V.Flores and the Original Understanding of Section 5. Yale Law Journal, 1091, 115.Flaherty, M.S. (2002). John Marshall, McCulloch V. Maryland, and We the People Revisions in Need of Revising. William and Mary Law Review, 434, 1339.McCulloch v. Maryland. 17 U.S. 316 (1819).U.S. Const., amend XIV, 5.

Eye Vision Case 10-11 Essay

middle lot Inc, a long- staying medical device manu itemurer, has signed a contract to sell Holland Hospital the calorie-free View Laser and a 2-year cryst anyisely priced nutrition plan for $1 million and $0.2 million respectively. On a when-and-if available bais, Eye Vision Inc. will provide softw atomic number 18 updats that is imbed with the Laser to maintainance purchasor. The softw ar system has never been change without Laser for its functional necessity. In this memo, as explained below, we conclude that 1. Eye Visions system of rules with Holland Hospital is not within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software Revenue actualization. 2. The deliverables in this arrangement are the Clear View Laser, embedded software, and nutrition plan, respectively. 3. The Clear View Laser together with embedded software and maintenance plan will be accounted for as separate units of accounting, respectively. 4. The laser with the embedded software will be accept immediately.The maint enance plan will be recognized on a straight- line of reasoning bottom oer the length of the contract. 1. Is Eye Visions arrangement with Holland Hospital within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software Revenue realisation? The agreement between Eye Vision and Holland Hospital is not within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software Revenue Recognition. harmonize to ASC 985-605-15-4(e), subtopic ASC 985-605 does not apply to proceedings and activities for software comp superstarnts of tangible products that are sold, licensed, or leased with tangible products when the software components and nonsoftware components of the tangible product function together to deliver the tangible products essential functionality. In the situation of the agreement, the piddle view laser represents the tangible component, while the software component comes embedded internally within the laser.The case states, that the laser has never been sold without the software because the software is essential to its functio nality in performing medical procedures. We would like to consider both the Clear View Laser along with the embedded software as one tangible product. Further, ASC 985-605-15-4(f) goes on to state any undelivered elements that relate to software that is essential to the tangible products functionality in (e) would be considered out of scope. The maintenance plan, if purchased, would be defined as an undelivered element that relates to the software that is essential to the tangible products function. wherefore, we conclude that ASC 985-605 is not with in the scope of the arrangement and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition Multiple-Element Arrangements should be used for proper rvenue recognition.2. What are the deliverables in this arrangement?The three deliverables in this arrangement between Eye Vision and Holland Hospital are the Clear View Laser, the embedded software and the maintenance plan. According to ASC 605-25-15-2, deliverables within contractually binding arrangements inclu de products, helps, or rights to use assets. Beyond that, ASC never defines what a deliverable is. Thus, determining whether the elements are separate deliverables is a matter of judgment. In this case, the Clear View Laser is the main product sold by Eye Vision and is definitely a deliverable.The software provides Clear View Laser with superfluous functionalities other than what the laser alone could reserve done. Additionally in the future by and by the updating performed by the maintainance plan, the embedded software is necessary to perform the latest medical procedures for which the laser will be intended to, it should be considered another separate product or deliverable. As to the maintenance plan, it is sold by Eye Vision separately as an after-sale service, making it the third separate deliverable.Alternative / fence ApproachOne could argue that the Clear View Laser together with the embedded software is one deliverable. Both of the laser and the software cannot stand on their own as a separate deliverable. The ideas supporting this argument are as follow 1. The Clear View Laser has never been sold without the embedded software. 2. Without each other, either the Clear View Laser or the embedded software provides no value to their customers. Although this alternative position sounds reasonable, we uphold our conclusion above because in this arrangement the laser and the software are equally important in terms of functionality. We should consider them two separate products, even though they put one across never been sold separately and provide no value to customers independently. 3. On the basis of the responses to Question 1 and 2, what are the units of accounting in this arrangement? The two units of accounting listed under the agreement between Eye Vision and Holland Hospital are the Clear View Laser and the maintenance plan. According to ASC 605-25-25-5, In an arrangement with multiple deliverables, the delivered event or items shall be cons idered a separate unit of accounting if both of the following criteria are met.The first criterion under ASC 605-25-25-5 states, The delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The item or items have value on a standalone basis if they are sold separately by any vendor or the customer could resell the delivered item(s) on a standalone basis. In the case, the Clear View laser is sold whole with the embedded software for proper functionality. In the event the sale is isolated, the software and laser have no independent value to the consumer considering the safety reasons of the medical devices. The standalone trascation of these two parts are infrequent, therefore we conclude that the Clear View Laser and software will be accounted for as one unit. Regarding the maintenance plan, it does have stand alone value to the consumer.Any past or new owner of the laser can choose to purchase the maintenance plan independently for additional servicing as needed. W e conclude this has a standalone value to the consumer and should be accounted for as its own unit. The second criterion states, If the arrangement includes a general right of run relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item or items is considered probable and substantially in the control of the vendor. The agreement states that there is no general rights of return. Therefore this is not applicable. Each unit of accounting must be evaluated accordingly for the proper gross recognition technique.Alternative / Opposing ApproachIt can be argued that when the Clear View Laser with the embedded software and maintenance plan are purchased together, they can all be accounted for as one unit. This is based eat up the idea that the maintenance plan has no stand alone value to the consumer in the event the Clear View Laser is not purchased in unison. According to ASC 605-25-25-3, In applying the guidance in this Subtopic, separate contracts with the same e ntity or related parties that are entered into at or near the same time are presumed to have been negotiated as a package and shall, therefore, be evaluated as a single arrangement in considering whether there are one or more units of accounting.That premise may be overcome if there is sufficient evidence to the contrary. Further this is supported by the criteria listed above in ASC 605-25-25-5. Even with supporting code, we reject this amity due to the fact that previous owners of the Clear View Laser can purchase the maintenance plan at any given time. Therefore the maintenance plan can have stand alone value as listed initially. 4. On the basis of the responses to Question 3, cover the revenue recognition accounting writings that would be applied to each unit of accounting identified in this arrangement. The first unit of accounting that we will consider is the laser containing the embedded software. Recognition of revenue will occur immediately upon the sale of the laser. As per ASC 605-10-S99 Revenue generally is realized or realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met1. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists 2. Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered 3. The sellers price to the buyer is fixed or determinable 4. Collectibility is passably assuredIn connection with the sale to Holland Hospital, $1 million (the cost of the laser with embedded software) will be recognized immediately as all four criterion have been satified. As for the second unit of accounting, we will consider the maintenance plan that was purchased for two-year coverage. Unlike the laser, recognition of revenue for the maintenance plan will not occur at the time of sale since the plan does not meet all the four criteria under ASC 605-10-S99 due to the fact that the services have not been rendered upon sale. According to ASC 605-20-25-3 Sellers of extended warranty or product maintenance contracts have an obligation to the buyer to perform servi ces throughout the time period of the contract and, therefore, revenue shall be recognized in income over the period in which the seller is obligated to perform.That is, revenue from separately priced extended warranty and product maintenance contracts shall be deferred and recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the contract period except in those circumstances in which sufficient historical evidence indicates that the be of performing services under the contract are incurred on other than a straight-line basis. In those circumstances, revenue shall be recognized over the contract period in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in performing services under the contract. This leaves some ambiguity as to whether revenue shall be recognized on a straight line basis over the two-year contract or recognized in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in performing services during the two-year contract. The audit team recommends recognizing the revenue on a straight line basis over the two-year period. In connection with the sale to Holland Hospital, $200,000 (the cost of the maintenance plan) will be recognized over the two years, $100,000 in 2010, $100,000 in 2011. There may be an instance where the maintenance plan will produce negative revenue.If such case arises, guidance is provided by ASC 605-50-45-6. Negative revenue may arise from the application of the guidance in this Subtopic to cash consideration given by a vendor to a customer or from transactions or changes in estimates that are required to be characterized as a reduction of revenue by other Subtopics in the Codification. The Examples in Section 605-50-55 discuss some of those Subtopics and underlying circumstances that could result in negative revenue. This Subtopic addresses whether the negative revenue amount should be recharacterized as an expense in the vendors income statement. If this scenario occurs, 605-50-55 (too many Subtopics to list all here) will provide t he guidance necessary to proceed.Alternative ApproachIf Eye Vision, which has been in business for over twenty years, has recognized its revenue from maintenance plans in a way other than the straight-line method, they could qualify under the portion of ASC 605-20-25-3 that states, circumstances in which sufficient historical evidence indicates that the costs of performing services under the contract are incurred on other than a straight-line basis. In those circumstances, revenue shall be recognized over the contract period in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in performing services under the contract. and continue doing so.Also, regarding SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) yield 13 605-10-s99-1, there are examples given that could support the recognition of revenue for the maintenance plan as services are rendered. Supply or service transactions may involve the charge of a nonrefundable initial fee with subsequent periodic payments for future products or services. The initial fees may, in substance, be totally or partly an advance payment for future products or services. Therefore, the up-front fee and the continuing performance obligation related to the services to be provided or products to be delivered are assessed as an integrated package.In such circumstances, the staff believes that up-front fees, even if nonrefundable, are earned as the products and/or services are delivered and/or performed over the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance and generally should be deferred and recognized systematically over the periods that the fees are earned. (A systematic method would be on a straight-line basis, unless evidence suggests that revenue is earned or obligations are fulfilled in a different pattern, in which case that pattern should be followed.) Since Eye Vision will offer, on a when-and-if available basis, new treatment applications for the Clear View Laser, the pattern could be deemed when available (or when de livered).

Argumentative Essay on Love

Flying around the world is an extravagance the majority of society whitethorn non be able to afford tone is chock-full of esoteric luxuries only a especial(a) association will enjoy fully. However, life does not have to encompass the additional commodities that people aim to be necessary. Throughout humanity there have been innumerous individuals who never delved into the closely desired rarity-true honey much like the trips around the world, true love, is a nonessential of life. Although love is always sought after, as if lifes buried treasure, a human being can live in joy without it.Many would argue that by not pursuing love, life would be eviscerated of its full meaning. Contrary to popular belief, it is an additional tangent of life that may or may not make matters foregoing. Strip a being of all luxuries in life, and if you can still make someone smile and laugh, you have given the most special gift happiness. Having happiness present creates the same euphoric feeling th at being in love can cause without running the risk of being emotionally dismantled by a divorce or breakup.More often then not love comes at much too high a monetary value for every person to bare, not only can the cost be extraordinary but also at times a relentless stamp battery of sorrow. In order for someone to surpass the unrealistic goal of finding true love and obtaining it they must distract themselves. Society must focus on what is in front of it and remember, Were born alone, we live alone, and we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that were not alone. As great as love presents itself to be, the majority of todays American community is divorced.These once happily married couples believed in the luxury of marriage until the damage became more than they had bargained for leaving a bitter taste of resentment. As a person grows from child to adult there is a realization that true love does exist. This realization turns into a formulated question, is the cost of love make the venture worthwhile. For many people across all generations love has been a hopeless endeavor, in George Orwells novel 1984 Winston Smith embarked on an adventure that didnt bode well I betrayed you she , Winstons previous love, said baldly. I betrayed you he said. subsequently betraying one another they part ways to live their lives in a better manner than before. Winston and the women, Julia, were lovers who when put to the test proved true love does not exist except for as a luxury the inner party could afford. All in all, love is a luxury that cannot be afforded by the mass. pull down though it could portray itself to be beneficial, in the end it is not worth the cost. Surely true love is a product that even the people with the most acumen are dumbfounded. Happiness is something that serendipitously found and can egregiously affect a humans life meanwhile true love is accompanied by painful hardship.

Discipline in the Classroom Essay

Youre nonhing but a wuss. Your mama aint here to help you immediately so why enduret you stand and fight me alike(p) a man. Thats right, saying nothing is going to make the situation better. You gonna go cry to Mrs. Wilson s stir uply it now? This type of agony in the clearroom distracts the students from their main objective-to learn. Disciplinary riddles in the classroom interrupt the atmosphere of the classroom, a place where reading takes originator above all in all else.A tense environment detracts from learning and every single loses. Mrs. Wilson got upset, the other(a) school children endured constant harassment, and the children responsible for this harassment got muzzy in the system. Although experts cite some responses, multicultural knowledge remains an answer that benefits both the teacher and all of the students. Disciplinary problems not only disrupt the serenity of the classroom, but if left untreated, bear witness into societal problems. Violence gr ows as Americas answer to any problem.This trend has been growing steadily in our nations classrooms, and recent incidences like that of Columbine High School remind us that angry children become everyones problem if no one reaches out to them. cal1966, please do not redistribute this work. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this work elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned. Detention, suspension, and expulsion remain popular methods for dealing with discipline, but these methods serve only to remove rather than to figure out the problem.Multicultural education stimulates the children to merged their own life experiences into what they learn and makes them active participants in their own learning process. Multicultural education serves to help bridge gaps between different classes, races, and genders. Not a seemingly easy task, drastic measu res are imperative when the future of our country rests on the futures of our children. Take an eighth grade classroom located in a rural district with only three middle schools servicing the entire county. degree and Jake, 2 white boys, constantly break off Mrs.Wilsons Social Studies class. The situation distracted the teacher from her lesson plan, meaning that the other childrens learning fell behind their peers. Also, Mark and Jake jeopardized their own donnish careers and endanger to become societal menaces. If left untreated their problems might develop into larger societal ills that hurt members of the population at large through their abuse of offbeat or filling up the jails. Previously detention failed to help Mark and Jake correct their carriage, but Mrs. Wilson felt that the rest of the class should not suffer be come across of two members of the class.Disciplinary problems usually stem from some deeper anxiety that the children are facing. Marks parents work in an assembly line of a car shaper and net $40,000/year combined. They work long hours and spend little time with Mark after school. He takes the school bus to and from school, and he lives in a poor area of town where the houses are run down. N any of his parents finished skeletonal high school, although they both received GEDs. He has several younger siblings that confront up to him as an example, but education is not stressed in his family. This hypothesis from studentcentral. o. uk Part of his disciplinal problem could be that he resents the fact that the give tongue to requires him to go to school.Mark sees that his parents struggle to get by, but no connection between alter his situation and education in his mind exists. People who break through in class and come from upper-middle class backgrounds receive the brunt of his harassment. He qualitys resentment towards these students because he feels that he tries hard but society and good fortune settle down shun him. Jakes parents come from working class backgrounds, and he lives in an area that is close to Marks house.His parents experienced marital problems lately. They fight constantly, and his one younger sister too experienced problems in school. His father graduated from technical school and works as a mechanic in a local garage, and his mother works at Kroger. His disciplinary problems rival to the fact that his parents fight a lot and offer to get into screaming matches. With so lots tension in his home he feels the need to lash out at someone, and conveniently finds other students to harass-students who he already resents because of their higher social status.His disciplinary problems started nearly the time that his parents started having problems. However, his parents failed to communicate their problems on to Mrs. Wilson, so she understands little about the reason for Jakes disciplinary problems. cofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb. Mrs. Wilson, a 35-year old white teacher, became ex asperated because Mark and Jake refused to respond to what she viewed as adequate attempts to reach them. They reserve their harassment for children who identify with the pper-middle class or excel in schoolwork. Because she experienced no contact with either set of parents, she remained unaware of the home problems that contribute to Mark and Jakes frustration with the school system. Her training too left her unprepared to deal with types of children who shrink onward from contact with other people. The boys consistently under-perform in all their subjects. Although they received extra help in the past, they refused to take an active interest in learning, and instead seek to disrupt class time.Mrs. Wilson gave them extra help by working with them during class, and also assigned group partners to them, but the hostility the boys exhibited towards their partners made the working environment tense. They also disrespected Mrs. Wilson, and she felt like she lost all control because t hey refused to listen to anything she said. They removed themselves from the social scene of the school and appeared to not trust anyone but themselves. The harassment of other students needs to stop because everyone suffers in this situation.All the students fail to get to as much information as other classes with no disciplinary problems. These students will thus experience a disadvantage next year when they compete a netst students from other classes. Also, Mark and Jake acted out and created this disturbance in class for some reason. If Mrs. Wilson fails reach them thusly their class disturbances might turn into societal disturbances. The importance of the situation remains for all involved to receive some help. This hypothesis from studentcentral. co. uk Mark and Jakes harassment needs to stop for the benefit of all involved.Multicultural education ensures that every child receives a proper education and an equal chance of success posterior in life. Like a runaway effect, th e problems snowball setting students back and preventing them from attaining success in schools and jobs. In a multicultural setting ideally all the students express their individual voices in the class and its pedagogy. Multicultural education address typical disciplinary problems because the themes that of the process builds near active thinking by the students themselves about the world around them.Multicultural education helps remedy this situation, because everyones culture needs to gain acknowledgement by the teacher. However, since limited diversity exists in the classroom, Mrs. Wilson tries to incorporate other cultures as well to make all her students to a greater extent accepting and understanding of everyones lifestyle. Although the classrooms contain relatively new textbooks, they should be discussed critically in class so that the students feel like active participants in their own education. Mark and Jake may be acting out because they feel a overlook of control over their own education and their situation in life. Mrs.Wilson realized she had failed to stimulate stimulating them enough, and so they act out to try to grab attention. rather punish these students, Mrs. Wilson tries to understand their motives and then to try to help them in whatever way the teacher deems possible. This hypothesis from studentcentral. co. uk Nieto writes, all teachers can become role models for all students as long as they are understanding, caring, and informed. One way in which teachers can build substantial relationships with students is by offering help to those who do not seek their aid (331). Mark and Jake try to get attention by lashing out.Mrs. Wilson must dig deeper than usual to get at the root of the problem if she wants to help them. Mrs. Wilson reaches her students through multicultural education. Her determination to reach students who have been labeled as problem children determines the rest of their scholastic careers. For her first step, Mrs. Wils on reevaluates whether her accusations about the childrens behavior warrants concern. Her actions could stem from her preconceived notions of lower, working class families since the children causing the disturbance are poorly dressed and do not have the best hygiene.If Mrs. Wilson holds any slash then she needs to address her own personal bias so that the children do not suffer from her one-sidedness. coce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce Once Mrs. Wilson ascertains that these children pose a serious disturbance in her classroom, then her objective reworks itself into new inventive ways. The benefits of conventional negative reinforcement seem to not pose any panic to Mark and Jake, so perhaps she can try positive reinforcement.Also, if she practices what Nieto outlined as a multicultural classroom (p. 05) then she creates an environment where the children feel booming approaching her. Perhaps by gaining their confidence she then determines the root of their discipline problems. Before implementing multicultural education, Mrs. Wilson first identifies the reason for Mark and Jakes outbreaks in class. Until now she treated them as regular problem children, but since none of the conventional disciplinary methods worked, she needs to sort out the root of the problem. Their problems at home cause their harassment of their peers. However, since the parents fail to return phone calls, Mrs.Wilson writes them and requests that they come in for a parent/teacher conference. If this measure fails to get the parents to school, then she plans to go visit them in their home. Because the parents are usually busy, there do not often communicate with the school. If the school approaches the parents in a non-threating manner, then perhaps the parents shed some light on their sons behavior problems. With more parental involvement, the boys feel more pressured to shape up. The home environment remains difficult to overcome, especially without the parents help.However, Mrs. W ilson needs to make the thrust to at least(prenominal) try to contact them so that she has more enter to correctly identify the reason Mark and Jake are acting out. Nieto writes teachers can make headway parents to give their children jobs at home, and then support them when they do (328). Maybe if Mark and Jake feel more important at home then they lose the beseech to act out at school. Another method Mrs. Wilson employs to draw in outside resources for her classroom involves impact with Mark and Jakes other teachers.Outside input also influences learning because if she experienced disciplinary problems in her class the boys probably act out in all of their classes. By calling a meeting with everyone involved, the teachers might be able to trace commonalties between all of the disciplinary outbreaks. If they see what sets the boys off then they prevent cause of the harassment, or at least create an opportunity to talk to the boys about their behavior. If the teachers pinpoint the cause of the boys disciplinary problems within the classroom, then they know how to solve the problem more effectively.A reason for their frustration within the classroom stems from the fact that Mark and Jake feel left out of the education process. If Mrs. Wilsons principle style revolves around lectures they become bored and act out because of their boredom. The difficulty lies in making students pay attention in the classroom if their families devalue education at home. The teaching style induces no stimulation for them to want to learn. By using multicultural education, Mrs. Wilson aims to instill a love of learning in the students. Perhaps if Mrs.Wilson incorporates other methods of learning like hands on learning, group projects, or presentations by students for the rest of the class then she receives more positive behavior from all her students. If she can relate the students life and how education increases knowledge, then she makes not only Mark and Jake realize the i mportance of education in their lives but the importance of education to all of her students lives. Mrs. Wilson tries to incorporate other multicultural ideas in her lesson plan in order to accommodate the behavior of Mark and Jake.When they cover the holocaust she shows them Schindlers cite to illustrate its impact on the Jewish people. Movies help show history in vivid detail, and the brutality of the film helps bring this terrible period in history to light. This helps her students realize that other people endure suffering, and by showing them a real example of suffering they might feel more tenderness for others. She also shows that other groups have suffered more than her students. The suffering that their class endures pales in comparison to the plights of other ethnicities.When Mark and Jake see the brutality of war and the horrible consequences of fighting, they realize other methods for solving their internal conflicts exist. Mrs. Wilson also engages the students in a un ique manner that tries to draw their attention onto examples that shape our modern twenty-four hours world. Examples that relate to the students lives impact students more forcefully instead of assigning them reading and expecting them to pick up all the material. By relating the assignments in class to their every day lives she shows them examples of how education better their own situation. The learning becomes much more personal and effects them more.Mrs. Wilson also changes the structure of her class. If she includes more history about the working class and their importance in situations like the Industrial Revolution, then she makes all the students from working class backgrounds feel more important and a sense of pride in their heritage. Nieto writes that teachers can use the experiences and understandings her students bring to class rather than an exotic or irrelevant curriculum (338). She needs to uphold and validate their culture because Mark and Jake feel like their cultu re contains no importance and that could be a reason for their lashing out.The punishments that the boys get assigned could take a more inventive thingumabob in order to quelch their behavior. If assigned community service Mark and Jake see that many others in their community undergo more hardship then their families. Nieto also writes opportunities for after-school work or community service can be provided in much more substantial ways than they currently are (328). The boys gain a perspective on their own problems by comparing them to others less fortunate. Such epiphanies might improve their behavior in the classroom. Multicultural education starts in the classroom but affects a wide array of social problems.Discipline, if left untreated, expands into larger social ills, where the perpetrators leech off of everyone. The plague on society takes the form of welfare and jails where taxpayers bear the responsibility for those who refuse to help themselves. This societal failure can be avoided by trying to reach these children earlier in their academic careers so that they experience success later in life. Multicultural education remains the best way to retain those borderline students who otherwise get lost in the system. Mrs. Wilson employs many methods to try to reach Mark and Jake before they lose complete interest in school.First she tries to determine the root of the problem so that she knows the exact problem she is dealing with. Talking to the parents and other teachers gives a more comprehensive view to the situation. Once the boys frustration surfaces, Mrs. Wilson incorporates different teaching aspects into her lesson plan. Engaging the students makes them more interested in their education and lessens their tendency to act out. Relating the real world to their own lives makes them more involved members of society. Mark and Jake symbolize children whose problems generally run deeper than approximately teachers suspect.Multicultural education helps m ake these boys and all of the students in the classroom more productive members of society. If the boys stay off welfare then our tax dollars go towards improving other facets of life. The boys also become taxpayers who contribute to the solution rather than the problem. Without some intervention, children like Mark and Jake plague American society and benefit no one, including themselves. aversion makes a disastrous problem that needs to be solved immediately, and multicultural education is one answer to that problem.

Christina’s World

Christinas Cruel World When I first seen Christinas World, a painting by Andrew Wyeth, I came across a lonely girl, and I wonder. What is she doing lying in the field by herself? Was she laying in the ample grass on a hot summer day enjoying a nice summer breeze? Its hard to tell her age. Is she a widowed married woman to a soldier lost in the war thinking of days long past? Perhaps shes a teenage adolescent, resting in the grass after a long day of chores? Something caught her attention. She sat up, and twisted to liveliness behind her. I follow her gaze, and notice that she is looking toward a plate of Georgian architecture.The front side of the house has the most detail compared to the three other buildings in the picture. I can clearly see the door, windows, and even the ruse of the house. This leads me to believe that Christina is focusing on the front of the house. I see what appears to be a typical farm in rural America, somewhere in a Midwestern grassland state. This far m however, has no livestock, or crops. I see a shed to the beneficial, and a barn about fifty yards to the go forth of the house. If I look closely, birds can be seen flying from the barn. Is this a possible sign of abandonment?Judging between the rough, tall grass and the res sended texture to the grass almost the farm tells me this place is not as deserted as it looks. This tells me that Christinas world has boundaries, and it appears that she is out of bounds. The colors of the painting are very dull and flat. This sole(prenominal) enhances the theme of a desolate and nearly dead farm. The vast field and wide open spaces make this place look very empty. The path take up to the house seems faded by over growth another sign that Christinas world is a lonely place. When I come proficient circle, I set my eyes back on Christina.I begin to wonder, why is she here? Why is she in rough wild grass instead of the smooth tame lawn? As I take a closer look, I notice her rigid hands c lutching the earth. Its almost as if shes clout herself forward as if shes trying to get to safety. Her body is thin and frail. She looks starved and malnourished. Loose strands of hair are flowing in the breeze. Her dress is tap a sign of femininity, but its also faded along with the rest of the scene. The point of view Wyeth gives is as if Im rest right behind Christina. I cant help but feel tempted to do something to help her.I want to get her to safety, give her some food, put her in bed, and get her some medical attention. Would she be safe though? When I look closely I can see a pile of timberland on the side of the house, and a latter propped up on the front. This house needs work done. Maybe this house isnt a sanctuary for Christina. She believably dreads going back, but she has nowhere else to go. I think Christina has accepted her world because she has no other choice. She had to leave the boundaries and explore the outside a little bite before she realized this. May be the outside world rejected her so she begrudgingly turned back.Even though its a warm summer day I sense coldness here. The dark looming house has a forbidden feel to it. The barn is equally forbidden only home to the birds now. It seems Christinas world was left to fade away. When I researched Andrew Wyeth, and his painting of Christinas World I found some interesting facts. Christina is in fact Christina Olsen, one of Wyeths neighbors. She lived with her brother Aravo Olsen in what is now known as the Olsen House located in Cushing Maine. This is far from what I originally thought. There is some speculation that Christina was schizophrenic. This however, is false.On the other hand, Christina did have an undiagnosed muscular disorder. This disease, probably polio, caused her to lose her ability to walk in the late 1920s. This explains why Christina is clutching the ground. She was crawling. It is a fact that Christina regularly crawled around the farm. The Olsen family and farm were inspirations for a fewer of Wyeths paintings. They even let him use the third floor of their house as an art studio. Wyeths father died in a horrible train accident three years before he painted Christinas World. This had a noticeable impact on Wyeths art. His colors became more matte and dull.His landscapes were bare. These traits are highly reflected in Christinas World. If you look at modern pictures of the Olsen House you can see the place is surrounded by evergreens. In the painting, at that place isnt a tree in sight. The landscape is almost bare except for the grass. I would say Christinas World is Wyeths way of expressing his regret for his fathers death. Andrew Wyeth was inspired to paint this picture when he looked out his window and seen Christina crawling around in the fields. Though Christina inspired the painting, it was Wyeths wife Betsy who modeled the torso, and head.The Olsen farmhouse is the most famous model of the painting. It was first built in the l ate 1700s, then later had a third floor annexed to it. The Olsen house until now stands to this day in Cushing Maine, and is a historic landmark. It is owned by the Farnsworth Art Museum. I believe Wyeth was asking his viewers a question in this painting. If your standing behind this woman who is crawling across the field. What would you do? Wyeth is giving us a choice. Hes showing us a cruel, harsh world. Do you help her, or do you pass her by letting her fend for herself?

Planning for Hypertexts in the Writing Center…Or No Essay

Michael Pemberton asserts in his article training for Hypertexts in the Writing mettleOr non, that this new age of technology brings with it a plight facing paper centers that stems from the perceived lease for piece of music centers to assimilate hypertexts into their topics mentored, the willingness of the committal to writing centers to accommodate hypertexts and if there is a need, how would writing centers meet such needs. There is no dilemma here because writing centers need non treat hypertexts any differently than any other text (Pemberton). They already have tutors working in specific areas of expertise.Tutors with expertise in hypertext can be found. Pemberton also brings up the rationale that a relatively small number of clients will be writing hypertexts anyway so centers dont need to worry about it. Pemberton doesnt discount the challenges faced by writing centers in assimilating into the proficient age. As writing centers had always been primarily interperso nal interaction, many feel that the advancing technology is a threat to this interaction (Pemberton). The advent of chat rooms and email tutoring has lessened this perceived threat.He notes that conclusion articulate tutors may be very difficult, especially for small schools without many resources (Pemberton). Another challenge lies in providing training for tutors. But the challenges do not appear to outweigh the advantages. Times remove language changes writing changes. That is a constant we can rely on. Writing centers have alineed and will continue to adapt to the changes coming their way. Critique/Comments Michael Pemberton in his article Planning for Hypertexts in the Writing CenterOr Not provides a comprehensive history of the goals and functions of writing centers from the 1930s-1990s.He presents a possible problem facing writing centers and possible solutions to the problem, without bias or emphasis on one or the other. His straightforward writing allows the lecturer to come to a conclusion about the future of writing centers and the necessity of assimilating hypertext into tutoring topics. Pemberton provides much remark from experts in the field of writing centers and tutoring so his own take does not sway the reader. As change occurred throughout the history involving writing centers, the writing centers and their tutors adapted to the needs of their clients.Pemberton assures that no matter what those needs become, writing centers will naturally meet those needs. While some worry that the computer age will externalize the interaction between tutor and tutee, it is clear that the communication tools available via the Internet have not hindered interpersonal relationships in or out of writing centers. Pemberton, a director of the Georgia Southern University Writing Center does not appear to have any motive in his article save to inform readers that writing centers will hold ( ) as the title of one of his books says.Perhaps he merely wants to put to confront any fear felt by the technologically hesitant. Technological advancement is here to stay precisely rest assured by Michael Pemberton that the writing centers will advance right along with it. Pemberton, Michael A. Planning for Hypertexts in the Writing Center Or Not In The St. Martins Sourcebook for Writing Tutors. 3rd Ed. Christina Murphy and Steve Sherwood. Boston. impudent York Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008294-308.

Disintegration of the Nuclear Family Essay

mixer scientists have noticed that the concept of the family has changed in the past 40 years, and this has led some to com custodyt on the disintegration of the nuclear family. Do you agree with the claim that the nuclear family unit is breaking down?The accomplished nuclear family simulate, Murdock startle spoke of, which entails the father as the employed bread winner and the wife as the stay at home housewife and mother spirit after their children. This early idealistic model of the stable family life has changed and evolved. Some of these contributing factors that may have changed the family dynamics argon, equality between men and women, the loss of religious influence over the traditional coupling, the evaluate lifestyle of same sexed families, the increase number of doctor p arnts as well as blended families have several(a)ly changed the way gild sees the evolving complexities of the family unit. This essay aims to show that the traditional nuclear family unit has n ot disintegrated, but has evolved.The phrase the nuclear family was first used by Murdock in 1949 , in that time, most family units resembled what he referred as both sexed adults in a socially approved sexual cohabiting marriage with children that were biological or adopted (Murdock, 1949, p 1). in spite of appearance the boundaries of the nuclear family, some parents found it a haven, where defined rules and standards were adhered to. Children thrived on the security and constant attention of the handiness of their mother to drive them to soccer or ballet practise. Fathers had a defined role as the breadwinner, the send of the household. However to some, they found the nuclear family structure to be bounding, confining and demeaning. Mothers were discouraged from subject fielding, fathers were overburdened with the demands of being the sole breadwinner, parents who were unhappily married were compelled to stayed together, for the sake of the children and to avoid the stigma of divorce (Elkind, 1994, p.8). Since equality for women in education and in the work force, women are staying in workforce longer and combining career with motherhood.Compared to forty years ago, where women were seen in gender specific jobs, including teachers, nurses, hairdressers, receptionists and retail sales. Today women now occupying over a third of all quadruple-in-hand positions, and growth areas in occupations requiring high skills and advanced education (Jericho G, 2012). According to Edger, maternity leave, child care and go down to paid workforce are readily available to todays mothers (Edger, 2005, p 36). The denounce innovative family have what Elkind observes that couples marry later, and have fewer children. Although economically it is beneficial if both parents are working. (Edger, 2005, p10). In the post modern family, the gender roles have changed. (Holmes, Hughes, Julian, 2003, p.284). Most modern women in Western cultures are now looking for relationships w here they are in a partnership with household chores and child raising being shared.Has religion confounded its influence over the traditional marriage? According a Sydney Herald article, the divorce rate is four hundred percent greater then forty years ago, that more young couples are rejecting marriage preferring a de facto relationship. (Maley, 2003, p.13). The Catholic Church has also seen some decline in marriages. In Pope Francis young speech, The family is important, and it is necessary for the survival of humanity. Without the family, the cultural survival of the human race would be at risk. The family, whether we like it or not, is the foundationToday, there are those who say that marriage is out of fashion. Is it out of fashion? many recommend the importance of enjoying the moment. They say that it is not worth making a life-long commitment, making a definitive determination because we do not know what tomorrow will bring. I ask you, instead, to be revolutionaries,I am asking you to rebel against this culture that sees everything as temporary and that ultimately believes you are incapable of responsibility, that believes you are incapable of true love (Pope Francis, 2013)Along with religious factors, same- sexed families have diversely changed. According to Australian authorization of Statistics it revealed that 33,700 Australian couples are living together in a same-sex relationship, with 17,600 male couples and 16,100 female couples. There are almost twice as many children living in same-sex couple families as there were in 2001, with most of these children living in female same-sex couple families. Figures showed 6300 children are living in same-sex couple families from 2011, upfrom 3400 in 2001. With the availability of modern science, sperm donors, in vitro fertilisation, surrogacy and the availability to adopt or foster a child gives the same-sex family opportunity to increase their family of two, to three or more. The report also unvei led a snub against traditional housework gender roles, with cooking, cleaning and laundry responsibilities more evenly shared in same-sex couples, conflicting opposite-sex couples where women tend to do more than men (Wright J. 2013).Sole parenting along with same sex families has become a common evolvement. Either by choice, necessity, death of spouse or divorce are now an accepted commonality compared to forty years ago. Although Sole parents have to battle with the emotional and physical stress of beguile family responsibilities and work, the dependency of local community support systems coincide with the ability to work is dependant on access to non-parental child care, after-school care, (and) a job in the local neighbourhood (Edger, 2005, p.11) for a flexible, family prosperous workplace.A blended family is the saucy formation of a previous disintegrated family unit. According to Holmes, Hughes and Julian, a couple starts as a family that grows to include children, who th en have their own offspring. If you include a divorce in this picture, new partners, step-parents, step-siblings and half-brothers and -sisters, you can see the boundaries of the family becoming more bland. (Holmes. D/ Hughes. K / Julian. R, 2003, p. 282). Many of todays families are made up of these blended families, step and half family members, foster, adopted and extended multi-generation non blood related family members. As a result the family unit is still alive and thriving, however it has grown and become more diverse in its members.In conclusion, it is clear that the nuclear family unit has not disintegrated, but has changed and evolved with the times and improved womens rights. In particular to family diversity, reflecting in the growing freedom and acceptability of different lifestyles. Those relationships could have a fluid tenure, where individuals may form a family for a time, then go on to form new family ties and connections portmanteau word in numerous connections that may make up a modern family.ReferencesChadwick V, 2013, Tick for same-sex marriages ,The Age, Victoria Australia, viewed on 14 August 2013. Elkind D, Kappan P. D, 1995, School and family in the post-modern world, p. 8-14. Elkind D, 1994, Ties that stress The new family imbalance, Harvard College, United states of America, Pg. 1-4. Edger D, 2005, The war over work the future of work and family, Melbourne University Press, Australia. Jericho G, 2012, Changing role of women in the workplace, The Drum tv, viewed on 14 August 2013, www.abc.net.au. Maley B, 2003, The Sydney aurora Herald comment section, Sydney. Murdock G.P, 1949, Social Structure, The Macmillan Company, New York. Pope Francis, 2013, Marriage and family from the world youth day speech, viewed 8 August 13 www.marriageuniqueforareason.org/-about-marriage-and-the-family-from-world-youth-day, Rio de Janeiro, South America. Wright J, 2013, Number of children with same-sex parents soars, The Age, Victoria, viewed on 14 A ugust 2013, www.theage.com.au.

Literary Critics: “Where Is the Love” Song

SONGS LYRICS WHERE IS THE admire Whats faulty jesth the homo, mama mess livin deal they aint got no mamas I think the safe and sound terra firma inclined to the drama Only attracted to topics thatll gravel you trauma Overseas, yeah, we try to stop terrorism But we even off so got terrorists present livin In the USA, the big CIA The Bloods and The Crips and the KKK But if you exactly fall in deal for your own race because you besides leave space to discriminate And to discriminate scarcely generates detest And when you despise then youre strangulate to digest irate, yeah Madness is what you demonstrate And thats exactly how anger plant and operatesNow, you gotta oblige distinguish honourable to trim it straight Take control of your mind and meditate Let your soul gravitate to the get laid, y each(prenominal), yall mountain killin, muckle dyin Children blemish bathroom you hear them cryin? Can you practice what you urge? And would you loose the other nerve? bring forth, don, Father friend us Send us few centering from preceding(prenominal) Cause deal got me, got me questionin Where is the delight in? ( recognise) Where is the admire? (The whap) Where is the bang? (The do) Where is the love? The love, the love It just aint the same, perpetually unchanged New daytimes be strange, is the world insane?If love and peace is so strong Why are on that point pieces of love that dont belong Nations droppin bombs Chemical gasses fillin lungs of little ones With the ongoin sufferin as the y turn uph die two-year-old So beg yourself is the lovin rightfully gone So I can ask myself really what is goin wrong In this world that we livin in sight extend on givin in Makin wrong decisions, lonesome(prenominal) visions of them dividends Not respectin each other, get across thy chum salmon A war is goin on but the soils beneathcover The truth is kept secret, its swept infra the carpet If you never receive truth then yo u never know loveWheres the love, yall, bed on (I dont know) Wheres the truth, yall, come on (I dont know) Wheres the love, yall( come on yeah) People killin, plenty dyin Children hurt and you hear them cryin Can you practice what you preach And would you turn the other cheek Father, Father, Father help us Send us some guidance from above Cause people got me, got me questionin Where is the love (Love) Where is the love (The love) Where is the love (The love) Where is the love The love, the love I liveliness the pack of the world on my shoulder As Im gettin older, yall, people gets colderMost of us still direction almost property makin Selfishness got us followin the wrong direction Wrong culture always shown by the media Negative images, its the briny criteria Infecting the young minds faster than bacteria Kids want to act like what they fancy in the cinema Yo, whatever happened to the harbor of compassionateity Whatever happened to the fairness in equality Instead in scatter love were spreading animosity Lack of understanding, leading lives away from unity Thats the reason why sometimes Im feelin under Thats the reason why sometimes Im feelin downTheres no wonder why sometimes Im feelin under (so ask yourself) Gotta keep my corporate trust alive till love is found Where is the love Where is the love Where is the love Where is the love Father, Father, Father help us Send us some guidance from above Cause people got me, got me questionin Where is the love spill the beans with my yall (one world, one world) We only got (one world, one world) Thats all we got (one world, one world) And somethins wrong wit it (yeah) Somethins wrong wit it (yeah) somethins wrong with the w-w-world (yeah) We only got (one world, one world) Thats all we got (one world, one world)LITERARY ARGUMENTS This rime was a real popular mental strain which is macrocosm written by Ralph MacDonald (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 2011). This melodic phrase composed of advices and lessons to the readers. Actually, the songs title Where is the Love? has describing the whole songs meaning which is nigh the love. Love. What is exactly the meaning of the love itself, what are the values of love and does loves existence is really in-chief(postnominal) in human bes lifespan? by manner of this literary argument, all the questions leave alone be answer and discuss. The song is exactly asking all the listeners where the love is.This song tells us about what had happen to our world without love, what the world would turns without love. In the paragraph ordinal of the song, at the second last and the last line of the lyrics, Cause people got me, got me questionin, where is the love? indicates that the song main(prenominal) estimation was the existence of the love. Nowadays, people have become loveless or selfish. Some of them are even creation turn that only preferred their racist and discriminate others. This song similarly tells us about the licenti ousness of the social values. This can be seen in the songs lyric But if you only have love for your own raceThen you only leave space to discriminate And to discriminate only generates hate And when you hate then youre bound to get irate, yeah As Im gettin older, yall, people gets colder Most of us only care about money makin Selfishness got us followin our wrong direction From the lyrics, shows that nowadays human are lack of federations values. Nowadays people have become so racism and the racism itself has been explicit out in a very rage ways. This song shows and refers to the fight against the racism. People are being killed and because of this decision, some people are being discriminate brutally.There were always wars among the human themselves. The song itself was being agree with the mastery above which is being stated clearly in the paragraph five People killin, people dyin Children hurt can you hear them cryin? Can you practice what you preach? And would you turn t he other cheek? through with(predicate) the lyrics also revealed that we are only worrying about the condition of the other country without trying to pull in or solve the problems. The lyrics above said that the children are being suffered and ignored. This shows the importance of the adult role in the society.Adult should withstand on the responsibility to teach, advised and take care to the youngsters. From the second last line of the lyrics, it means that in reality the adult were the role model of others. If they are being hygienic-mannered, they exit pass the well port to the youngsters as they practicing what they have ever taught to others. There will be no mercy among humans. No people will help and be helped by others. All humans will become selfish without love. The main fountain of this song is non to make us sad, mad or to persuade us to be bias but in truth to open our eyes about the reality of the world that we lived right now.This song actually asks us to lo ve someone, non only as a lover, as a familys fellow member and friends but also to love all people even though we do not know them. We must become selfless as to love other people as well. This shows that love was very essential to human. Most of human nowadays turn their hearts away from those countries which do not have what they have. Those countries are being discriminate. People ignored others pain and they lived like there will be no ends for them and always continued to create more drama. If only we spent a minute a day to look toward the hurt, the world would change.Not only that, the lyrics also mentioned that people nowadays are being mercantile as they grown older. Materialism is getting normal and common nowadays where people getting greedier and greedier. People were only thinking for making the money. As making the money is being the most important thing in their thought or mind right now. Thus, people becoming selfish. Another example of the hoggishness of the hu man also can be shown in the short story which is being written by ridicule De Maupassant, The Necklace. This song mentioned that the kids nowadays are easily being influenced by the media through the lyrics Wrong information always shown by the media Negative images, its the main criteria Infecting the young minds faster than bacteria Kids want to act like what they see in the cinema This will lead to the increasing of the juvenile crime or others societal problems which will cause a lot of problems toward the country and the other citizens. It is also will contributes to the rising of the violence acts that bring harms to others. Therefore, it is important for the adults to be their guardian to show them the right way. Adults need to give them lessons as well as love.As a conclusion, based on this argument, it shows that this song is clearly suggests that love is a very important value in the life of human being in order to create peace. According to female horse Popova, in her blog Brain Picking loved is being the head of most literary works such as in poems, books, songs and novels. This is because the literary works are one of the medium for us to deliver feelings, thought and experienced which can be used to stand justice. The question mark itself symbolized the title of the song, Where is the Love.Another theme for this song is the searching for the answers. Whereas the lyrics composed of many questions that are actually the endless unanswered questions which only can be answered by the truth. REFERENCES Popova, M. (2011, April 18). Why We Love5 Books on the Psychology of Love. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from Brain pickings http//www. brainpickings. org/index. php/2011/04/18/5-must-read-books-on-love/ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2011, May 23). Wikipedia Where Is The Love. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Where_is_the_loveLiterary Critics Where Is the Love SongSONGS LYRICS WHERE IS THE LOVE Whats wrong with the world, mama People livin like they aint got no mamas I think the whole world addicted to the drama Only attracted to things thatll bring you trauma Overseas, yeah, we try to stop terrorism But we still got terrorists here livin In the USA, the big CIA The Bloods and The Crips and the KKK But if you only have love for your own race Then you only leave space to discriminate And to discriminate only generates hate And when you hate then youre bound to get irate, yeah Madness is what you demonstrate And thats exactly how anger works and operatesNow, you gotta have love just to set it straight Take control of your mind and meditate Let your soul gravitate to the love, yall, yall People killin, people dyin Children hurt can you hear them cryin? Can you practice what you preach? And would you turn the other cheek? Father, Father, Father help us Send us some guidance from above Cause people got me, got me questionin Where is the love? (Love) Where is the love? (The love) Where is the love? (The love) Where is the love? The love, the love It just aint the same, always unchanged New days are strange, is the world insane?If love and peace is so strong Why are there pieces of love that dont belong Nations droppin bombs Chemical gasses fillin lungs of little ones With the ongoin sufferin as the youth die young So ask yourself is the lovin really gone So I can ask myself really what is goin wrong In this world that we livin in people keep on givin in Makin wrong decisions, only visions of them dividends Not respectin each other, deny thy brother A war is goin on but the reasons undercover The truth is kept secret, its swept under the rug If you never know truth then you never know loveWheres the love, yall, come on (I dont know) Wheres the truth, yall, come on (I dont know) Wheres the love, yall( come on yeah) People killin, people dyin Children hurt and you hear them cryin Can you practice what you preach And would you turn the other cheek Father, Father, Father help us Send us some guidance from above Cause people got me, got me questionin Where is the love (Love) Where is the love (The love) Where is the love (The love) Where is the love The love, the love I feel the weight of the world on my shoulder As Im gettin older, yall, people gets colderMost of us only care about money makin Selfishness got us followin the wrong direction Wrong information always shown by the media Negative images, its the main criteria Infecting the young minds faster than bacteria Kids want to act like what they see in the cinema Yo, whatever happened to the values of humanity Whatever happened to the fairness in equality Instead in spreading love were spreading animosity Lack of understanding, leading lives away from unity Thats the reason why sometimes Im feelin under Thats the reason why sometimes Im feelin downTheres no wonder why sometimes Im feelin under (so ask yourself) Gotta keep my faith alive till love is found Where is the love Where is the love Where is the love Where is the love Father, Father, Father help us Send us some guidance from above Cause people got me, got me questionin Where is the love Sing with my yall (one world, one world) We only got (one world, one world) Thats all we got (one world, one world) And somethins wrong wit it (yeah) Somethins wrong wit it (yeah) somethins wrong with the w-w-world (yeah) We only got (one world, one world) Thats all we got (one world, one world)LITERARY ARGUMENTS This song was a very popular song which is being written by Ralph MacDonald (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 2011). This song composed of advices and lessons to the readers. Actually, the songs title Where is the Love? has describing the whole songs meaning which is about the love. Love. What is exactly the meaning of the love itself, what are the values of love and does loves existence is really important in human beings life? Through this literary argument, all the questions will be answer and discuss. The s ong is exactly asking all the listeners where the love is.This song tells us about what had happen to our world without love, what the world would turns without love. In the paragraph sixth of the song, at the second last and the last line of the lyrics, Cause people got me, got me questionin, where is the love? indicates that the song main theme was the existence of the love. Nowadays, people have become loveless or selfish. Some of them are even being bias that only preferred their racist and discriminate others. This song also tells us about the disintegration of the societal values. This can be seen in the songs lyric But if you only have love for your own raceThen you only leave space to discriminate And to discriminate only generates hate And when you hate then youre bound to get irate, yeah As Im gettin older, yall, people gets colder Most of us only care about money makin Selfishness got us followin our wrong direction From the lyrics, shows that nowadays human are lack of societys values. Nowadays people have become so racism and the racism itself has been expressed out in a very violence ways. This song shows and refers to the fight against the racism. People are being killed and because of this decision, some people are being discriminate brutally.There were always wars among the human themselves. The song itself was being agreed with the statement above which is being stated clearly in the paragraph five People killin, people dyin Children hurt can you hear them cryin? Can you practice what you preach? And would you turn the other cheek? Through the lyrics also revealed that we are only worrying about the condition of the other country without trying to fix or solve the problems. The lyrics above said that the children are being suffered and ignored. This shows the importance of the adult role in the society.Adult should carry on the responsibility to teach, advised and take care to the youngsters. From the second last line of the lyrics, it mean s that actually the adult were the role model of others. If they are being well-mannered, they will pass the well behavior to the youngsters as they practicing what they have ever taught to others. There will be no mercy among humans. No people will help and be helped by others. All humans will become selfish without love. The main motive of this song is not to make us sad, mad or to persuade us to be bias but actually to open our eyes about the reality of the world that we lived right now.This song actually asks us to love someone, not only as a lover, as a familys member and friends but also to love all people even though we do not know them. We must become selfless as to love other people as well. This shows that love was very essential to human. Most of human nowadays turn their hearts away from those countries which do not have what they have. Those countries are being discriminate. People ignored others pain and they lived like there will be no ends for them and always continu ed to create more drama. If only we spent a minute a day to look toward the hurt, the world would change.Not only that, the lyrics also mentioned that people nowadays are being materialistic as they grown older. Materialism is getting normal and common nowadays where people getting greedier and greedier. People were only thinking for making the money. As making the money is being the most important thing in their thought or mind right now. Thus, people becoming selfish. Another example of the greediness of the human also can be shown in the short story which is being written by Guy De Maupassant, The Necklace. This song mentioned that the kids nowadays are easily being influenced by the media through the lyrics Wrong information always shown by the media Negative images, its the main criteria Infecting the young minds faster than bacteria Kids want to act like what they see in the cinema This will lead to the increasing of the juvenile crime or others societal problems which will ca use a lot of problems toward the country and the other citizens. It is also will contributes to the rising of the violence acts that bring harms to others. Therefore, it is important for the adults to be their guardian to show them the right way. Adults need to give them lessons as well as love.As a conclusion, based on this argument, it shows that this song is clearly suggests that love is a very important value in the life of human being in order to create peace. According to Maria Popova, in her blog Brain Picking loved is being the theme of most literary works such as in poems, books, songs and novels. This is because the literary works are one of the medium for us to express feelings, thought and experienced which can be used to stand justice. The question mark itself symbolized the title of the song, Where is the Love.Another theme for this song is the searching for the answers. Whereas the lyrics composed of many questions that are actually the endless unanswered questions wh ich only can be answered by the truth. REFERENCES Popova, M. (2011, April 18). Why We Love5 Books on the Psychology of Love. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from Brain Pickings http//www. brainpickings. org/index. php/2011/04/18/5-must-read-books-on-love/ Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2011, May 23). Wikipedia Where Is The Love. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Where_is_the_love