Adaptation of Robotic Arachnid in the Tropical Rainforest

This paper actually presents ways of making a robotic arachnid adapt easily to the rainforest region, i. e. creating navigational algorithms that would enable the robot survive the rainforest when autonomously driven. According to a recent study, the robot to be built would get its adaptation features from an animal that easily adapts to its surroundings in the rainforest region like the amazon or thereabout; the model that would be created for the robot would be such that it would make use of the animal’s gait style and movement. This animal’s gait style and way of adapting to its surrounding would provide aid in creating the navigation algorithms necessary for the robot’s movement. From a study conducted by the crew from www. destination360. com, a list of animals that actually easily adapt to the rainforest is listed below; it is from this list that a an animal would be picked and a navigational algorithm would be created and used to help the gait style of the robot. This is the largest and most powerful member of the Amazon cats, the jaguar is revered locally as being a matchless hunter. It is leanly built and stealth in action. The jaguar is the King of the Amazonian food chain- it is best spotted in the forest area, near a stream, close to nightfall-this is also the time it mostly hunts for its prey. Its preferred habitats in the rainforest are the swampy and wooded regions in the rainforest. Some of the walking traits of the Jaguar are that it stalks and ambushes its prey, it is a very good climber, they enter water freely, active during the day, they hunt mainly at night and on the ground. They are also very swift hunters. The Jaguars are extremely powerful and the same power applies for their bite too. They are the second strongest of all mammals. One of the things we can take out the Jaguar in order to model the robot to be built, since the Jaguar has adaptive features such as its powerful limbs and agility in climbing tree trunks. Theory behind Jaguar The job to be done is to model the Jaguar’s gait style to suit the rainforest region. To do this we create a suitable control algorithm for the rainforest, therefore suitable regions would need to be accessed, like the marshy, sandy and other types of terrains with fallen logs of wood lying in the forest. We would like to make sure and robot to be built would have close to the same characteristics of the Jaguar. -It is usually located near water so it would be able to swim and navigate the aquatic terrain of the rainforest. -It is a cautious animal. It usually stalks and ambushes its prey. -It has a short and sturdy limb structure, which makes it adept for climbing, swimming and crawling. -It has a short and sturdy physique and thus easily fits in to adapt to its environment. Our robot should be strong enough to withstand the rigours of rainforest, so by studying the speed-torque characteristics of the actuators on the robot, to see if it will be strong enough to adapt to the rainforest, just like the Jaguar. The robot to be built would make use of legged locomotion for its movement givig it an edge in some terrains in the rainforest. What to be done is to study how it adapts to the rainforest. In creating these algorithms, once the path is known, a full body trajectory is drawn and with these an algorithm can be drawn. Observation I have discovered that to create algorithms, a full body trajectory starting with the trajectory for each leg is drawn or calculated using Inverse Kinematics such that the robot to be built would walk and keep balance (static stability analysis) at the same. Since robots walk according to a prescribed trajectory for a particular region errain to be studied (the rainforest being the preferred region). Trajectories are acquired by experience or some optimization. The Tapir This is another animal that can be found in the rainforest, their preferred habitat is the dense rainforest. According to a recent study done by a carnival-in-Brazil team, they are rarely found in mountainous regions. One of the oldest Brazilian Amazon animals, the tapir is the world’s most primitive animal. It is an animal that has short legs, so in order to model the hexapod robot; one good question to be asked is; how does it adapt easily to the rain forest? Other animals in the rainforest that adapt easily are the †¢Apes or Orangutans, †¢Piranhas †¢The vampire bat †¢The Tucuxi and Boto Dolphin †¢The manatee (water ox).

1984 †Reflection Paper Essay

Our postmodern society has become dependent upon twenty-first century technology. This technology is developed to make our lives easier, more efficient, to encourage communication, and to enhance the quality of experience. Our society craves the latest technological fads and Internet crazes. We’ve become addicted to an entity that promises us a bigger, better, & brighter future. However, while technology appears to have made our lives easier in some respect, it has raised numerous issues that challenge the moral framework of every major corporation and government. Orwell’s 1984 is a haunting vision of a future with no future. A future where technology controls every aspect of an individual’s life. Orwell introduces the concepts of The Ministry of Truth, The Thought Police, and BIG BROTHER. These omniscient entities continually monitor the movements, speech, and writings of every citizen. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Since Orwell’s book 1984 written in 1948, we have developed methods to produce more advanced and less costly computer technology. Value Added Networks continue to rise in popularity. Data warehousing (information availability) and data mining (information analysis) have become hot topics in today’s world. Personal data that has always been available, but not easily accessible, is now computerized and merged with larger databases. These databases are linked to form massive data repositories. This practice is not limited to the private sector; government databases such as the Department of Motor Vehicles and criminal records are accessible to those willing to pay for access. The ability to desegregate personal information and profile individuals is easier than ever. George Orwell’s vision of the world is depicted primarily through the omni-present tele-screen. This piece of technology not only allowed BIG BROTHER to broadcast propaganda, but also monitored individual activities. Similar surveillance technology actually exists throughout the United Kingdom. Intelligence is gathered using inexpensive hardware cameras. Specialized software handles the storage, analysis, and correlation of facial images to a central database. Modern examples of large central data banks are already under development. Microsoft’s .NET web initiative entails the compilation, storage, and distribution of an online customer’s personal information. Such a venture is only possible with the latest hardware running Microsoft software technology. This technology includes the use of XML code to withdraw selected information from a central bank of database servers. The positive aspects of such an intelligence endeavor includes: Access to valuable information that might save your life; information such as allergic reactions to medication etc; the ability to transfer or withdraw bank funds from your mobile phone; the ability to account for controlled substances such as chemical & biohazard materials; and combat international terrorism and crime. The often overlooked negative consequences of technology include: Criminal profiling; medical profiling by insurance companies; telephone & electronic mail privacy intrusion; tracking credit card & other personal spending patterns to target marketing and sales; tracking travel via passport, airline ticket sales, license plate scanning, & facial algorithmic surveillance. Orwell describes an extreme in isolation and control. A place where government agencies use technology to propagate normal thought. Technology is used to unite millions; however, it has the capacity to isolate one part of the world from another. Winston Smith, a worker for The Ministry of Truth, not only falsifies history by writing people out, but also creates non-existent historical figures. In Orwell’s 1984, control is enforced/exercised by censoring information and even rewriting history. A frog that is placed in a pot of cool water and slowly heated is said to never notice the danger until it’s time for soup. In Orwell’s 1984, what seems, may not be. The logical might be illogical. What is right could be wrong. What was intended for good could become unjust. Most critics shot down Orwell’s ideas when the book was initially  reviewed in 1948. However, with the advent of modern technology, I feel overwhelmed by the thought of personal information abuse. Abuse not only in a ubiquitous government, but extending to the private sector. Ironically, concepts from Orwell’s 1984 are referenced in everything from modern day advertising, such as Apple Computers, to The Simpson’s Cartoon Halloween Special. Therefore it is evident that technology can be used to restrict basic freedom and civil rights. With the risk of losing important freedoms, we must fully understand the implications of new technology.

Benefits Of Outsourcing To Host Country

Benefits Of Outsourcing To Host Country In spite of the recent global economic recession, the worldwide business outsourcing market has achieved tremendous growth, According to one of famous International investment consultancy firm known as â€Å"McKinsey & Company† predicts that the demand for outsourcing services will obtain $230 billion by in 2011 from whole worlds and it will grow and by 10.5 percent (compound annual growth rate.). In the current business world many large organizations are outsourcing various jobs for example call centre services, payroll, e-mail services, Business Process Outsource and HR. As example: HSBC Bank has outsourced their call centres and Electronic Data Processing at India and Sri Lanka. AVIVA Insurance outsourced their call centres at India and Sri Lanka. IBM has outsource business Transformation system and customer contact work [call centres] at India 1.1 Outsourcing Outsourcing can be defined as contact between two companies to provide services which might otherwise be performed by in-house employees. In today’s world there is trend of outsourcing .Many multinational companies are now outsourced various level of jobs, as example such as call centre services, payroll management-mail service assistance. These outsourced jobs are handled by companies who have skilful labours who specialize to provide in services which are located outside the home country. In today business world Outsourcings has become latest trend which is becoming more common in information technology field. 1.2 Reasons for Outsourcings There are various reasons behind for outsourcings. Following section will describe the reasons for outsourcing: Improve Goal Congruence Outsourcing allow management to make attention on the vital or core business issues related with meeting customer needs and maintaining day to day issues. Outsourcings Allow To Access World-Class Capabilities Each notation is specialization in their own core activities. Ex: Qualitative labour-India. Advance technology -China and Japan. Outsourcing allow to access world-class capabilities, including innovative technology and so forth Share Risks With Different Peoples Outsourcing allows management spread certain level of risks as example demand variability and capital investments. Provider Free Resources for non core activities Outsourcing allowing organization to concentrate on non core activities and it allow to allocate those free resources among other activities Reducing Cost By Economic Of Scale Outsourcing allows organization to provide services at lower cost structure, which resulted from economies of scale. Reducing cost is the most persuasive reasons for outsourcing. Allow To Use Resources Not Internally Accessible Outsourcing is most preferable opportunity for companies that have potential to rapid growth, expansion into a new geography area , or spin-offs . Outsourcing Allow to use Resources not internally accessible Allow To Mange Functions Are Difficult Control problems are a one of m ajor reason for outsourcing. However, managers have to find out underlying causes for difficulties rather than outsourcing Even though there are various reason behind for outsourcing , ability of obtaining cost advantages is The main objective of outsourcing is, But lot of organizations are fail to realize any cost advantages received from outsourcing. The famous investment company â€Å"Gartner† is predictive that in 2009, 80% of organizations outsourced by having primary goal of coat cutting bit they are unable to achieve their primary goal of cost cutting, because there are various hidden cost of outsourcing. Such as outsourcing companies have high level of staff turnover rates than other organizations ,Normally it is high as 80% – 100%, cost of losing client due to increases of frustration. Therefore outsourcing must be fully monitored. Can easily fail.

Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Essay Example Musicians, poets and actors started celebrating their black identity and demanding for equality in the society. Some of the notable Harlem Renaissance poets that excelled in creating new cultural awareness and identity include James Weldon Johnson and Langston Hughes (Reid, 2001). James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938) He was born in Florida in 1871, and studied English literature at Atlanta University. His intention of studies was to further the rights and interests of black people in the society. He wrote several poems that were refereed as the ‘Negro National Anthem’. He criticized the African American who had ignored their black roots to assimilate in White community. His poems mainly explore the need to form black racial identity and culture. In addition, he succeeded in securing leadership in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and inspired the equal rights struggles of the Southern African Americans after he took a trip to Georgia (Rei d, 2001). He finally died in 1938. ‘Lift every voice and sing’ James Weldon uses this poem to strengthen the Black people in demanding for the end of racial segregation through demonstrating how past struggles against slavery and Jim Crow laws have been successful. His poem demonstrates double consciousness since he begins by asserting that ‘lift every voice’ (Weldon, 2013, L.1). He argues the African Americans to remain faithful and continue with their struggles until victory (Weldon, 2013, L.10). He demonstrates that the past slavery struggles have not been easy by asserting that ‘stony the road we trod, bitter the chastening rod’ (Weldon, 2013, L.11-12). His poem reminds the African American through ‘weary feet’ and ‘silent tears’ God has provided them with the ‘light’ and hopes African Americans will stay on the path (Weldon, 2013, L. 22-23). He cautions the Black people not to let their ‘hearts drunk with wine of the world’ and urges them to remain ‘true to native land’ (Weldon, 2013, L.33). Langston Hughes (1902-1967) Langston Hughes was born in Missouri and joined Columbia University for his higher education (Reid, 2001). The poet is one of the prolific poets during Harlem Renaissance due to his personal experience with inequality in the society. He travelled to both Europe and Africa and personally experienced the segregation in White dominated society. He often mingled his poetry work with black jazz music in order to promote the black cultural identity and self-awareness of the culture. ‘I, Too, Sing America’ Hughes demonstrates the racial segregation in this poem. The poem contains various aspects of double consciousness since it articulates the struggles that Black people face in the society. Hughes incorporates W.EB DuBoi’s beliefs of a fair society in the poem by asserting that ‘he also sings America’. The †˜I’ identifies the Black minority. He uses strong symbolism by asserting that ‘ I am the darker brother’ which translates that both White people and African Americans have the same source of humanity (Hughes, 2013,L. 1). Use of ‘They’ implies the ignorant White race. Hughes still asserts that ‘I laugh, eat well and grow strong’ meaning that Black people have their own cultural identity despite the segregation in

Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management - Research Paper Example Each department may have some specific functions assigned to them. For example, IT department always focus more on the IT functions of the company whereas HR department concentrates on recruitment, retention and development of manpower necessary for the organization. Because of the huge differences in the nature of the jobs undertaken, each department may work in a particular manner within the organizational framework. In other words, it is difficult for the HR department to function same way like the IT department. Management styles and work schedules in both these departments could be different even though these departments are functioning in the same organization. This paper briefly analyses the differences between managing an IT department and a HR/Personnel department in an organization. According to Kahuna (n. d), â€Å"an IT department is just like an army, which needs a good and functional command system†. In his opinion, apart from the talented employees, an IT department requires suitable leadership that is capable of completing the job in time. He has also pointed out that â€Å"slapping a title on someone and thrusting them into fire is no more effective in leading employees in an IT department (Kahuna, p.1). Many of the IT professionals, working in IT departments may have good technical skills, but many of them don’t have good management skills. It is not necessary that a good computer programmer or a system administrator might be a good manager. Organizations, when they appoint professionals for the IT department, focus only on the technical skills of the person rather than his management skills. But, most of the IT jobs require good management skills also apart from the technical skills. For example, teamwork is encouraged in IT departments nowadays. In order to function effectively in a team, an IT professional needs good

ANTH 2 Museum Visit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ANTH 2 Museum Visit - Assignment Example they believed they controlled the nature hence they did everything to please them and have their favors (Kathleen 124) .They had a king called pharaoh to whom they believed came from the gods and all religious practices centered on him. The government of Egypt used most of its resources in performing rituals and building of temples. Each individual interacted with the gods through prayers and believed in magic. They believed in life after death and they performed various funeral practices. They offered much treatment to the dead so as to maintain their bodies and spirits hence they offered various goods to the grave. They had gods that represented various things, such as sun god Ra, the creator god Amun, and the mother goddess Isis. They had strong beliefs in a pantheon of gods, who represented various aspects of society and human nature and had different roles. They controlled the forces of the nature and existed in various forms. Gods were also closely interrelated and even had gods who existed as a family as it contained the father, mother and child and they worshipped them together. The Egyptian history is of two periods, that is the first and the second intermediate periods. The first intermediate (dark period) existed for close to 100 years. Two competing bases of powers characterized this period. The Upper Egypt in Thebes, and the Lower Egypt in Heracleopolis. The reason for splitting Egypt into two power bases was political in nature as the ruler Pepi II ruled for so long time hence creating difficulties in succession hence leading to splitting, but later the Theban king who resided at the lower base conquered the north hence leading to the reunification of Egypt. The second intermediate period was also marked with political wrangles of succession. It started after the fall of the 12 dynasty. After the queen died, there was no heir to succeed her. This marked the end of the first intermediate period and the start of the second intermediate period.

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 2 - Essay Example VAP has a mortality rate ranging between 0 and 50%, indicating that medical researchers need to dedicate more research input to the development and identification of strategies which healthcare personnel can use to prevent, detect, and manage ventilator-associated pneumonia. Researchers have conducted quite a significant number of studies regarding this medical issue, but the results have not been readily available to numerous nurses due to the lack of strategic resources for accessing research findings. As a result, Health for All, an American NGO that advocates for universal healthcare, contacted my research institution with a proposal to conduct a study about the ways of detecting, preventing, and managing (VAT). Researchers bear the ethical obligation of ensuring that their research findings are accessible to all relevant stakeholders, including research participants. In order to devise effective dissemination strategies, the research team first of all developed a dissemination p lan. The team made the dissemination plan in the first stages of the research study. In designing the dissemination plan, the research team considered four crucial factors. These include the goals of the dissemination effort, the key stakeholders and the target audience, the medium through which to reach the target audience, and the execution process of the dissemination plan. ... The findings will be presented to the financiers in the form of a report. This report will detail the objectives of the study, the research techniques, the findings, and then evaluate the results against the objectives of the study to make it easy for the financier to determine whether the findings meet the research objectives. Following the conclusion of this initial goal, the research team will provide department heads at the research institution with information concerning the research. In this process, the research team will first of all send memos and circulars to all the concerned department heads informing them about the successful conclusion of the research, its purpose, and its importance. The team will then send hardcopies and softcopies of all the research material to all the heads, containing information about the rationale behind the research, the methods used to gather data, the research participants, the limitations, the results, and the meeting of all relevant researc h ethics policies. The primary target audience of this research is primary care nurses. They bear the greatest need of accessing the research findings so that they may apply it to evidence-based practice and, consequently, improve patient outcomes of ICU patients suffering from ventilator-associated pneumonia. The best possible method of disseminating the research findings is to use media that allow extensive simplification of information, so as to attract the interest of primary care nurses. The research team will achieve this aim by using flyers, brochures, newsletters and research briefs. The researcher will distribute the fliers and brochures to hospitals throughout the district, and the hospital authorities will then distribute them to the primary

Information Needs for the AIS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Needs for the AIS - Coursework Example The assumption gives managers a challenge especially when making decisions based on assumptions. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the information’s systems gives managers the confidence to make concrete decisions that will make their companies successful. Some companies do not release all their financial information to their stakeholders. The stakeholders are the public, employees and shareholders who have a stake in the company. Withholding such valuable information usually leads to suspicion especially by the shareholders who have invested a lot of money into the business and may want to know how these funds are working for them. Some of the companies may not release information fearing undue competition due to leakage of sensitive financial information that may expose the company to the unnecessary competition. Managers do not usually have the information they want as they are seeking for it. Managers may have less information than they need but usually conduct research to find out the rest of the information. For one to request the information they know they should have seen it and tested it to determine whether they can make decisions for such a company. It is, therefore, important to have a tested model in order to determine the information you want. Managers need information and giving them may improve their decision-making. Firstly, the information should be relevant. Presently, many resources carry a lot of information, which needs carefully sorting to get the required data. The assumption is also necessary for that even having experience some of the managers may not correctly use the information to come up with satisfactory decisions. Some managers may not have experience in using certain information to make decisions especially where there is an upsurge of information. Choice of vital information for decision-making is paramount as it determines how the decision made will

New Scientific Discovery Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New Scientific Discovery - Article Example The ultimate goal of 4G technology is to increase wireless, long range and high speed signal transmission (Berndt, 2008). I am going to focus on the 4G technology. 4G Technology 4G which is a short form of Fourth (4th) Generation Technology, this is basically the extension of 3G technology but with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G mobile. It is a successor to the 2G and 3G technologies. Basically, 4G technologies produce a high quality audio and video data streaming through Internet Protocol (IP). It provides broadband connection so that voice calls, media streaming and internet access will be constantly available to the user (Berndt, 2008). Different Technologies appear in many different forms but they are all moving in a similar track. 4G technology has different categories. These includes: UMTS, SDR, MIMO, OFDM, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX (802.16) or mobile structural design. The problem with the current cellular network is that they do not have the available bandwidth necessa ry to handle data services well because they were not original well designed for data; they are improvements on a protocol that was originally designed for voice. Thus, they do not use of the available spectrum bandwidth efficiently. Therefore there is a need for data centered protocol technology. 4G Technology provides a solution to these problems. It is used in the mobile phones with in-built higher resolution digital cameras to facilitate video blogs in the mobile industry (Berndt, 2008).. It offers high data rates with broadband. This will generate new trends in the business industry as it becomes business prospects and market opportunities for the established as well as for new telecommunication firms (Berndt, 2008). The upgrades of technology are incremental, and don’t require a complete reworking of the system. They are fairly cheap because the equipment required is already developed and in mass production in many places in the world. Types of multiplexing in 3G †¢FDMA -Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the entire duration of the call. †¢TDMA -Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted. †¢CDMA -Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission Cellular Provider System Upgrades 4G technology has got numerous advantages. It is faster and more reliable than the previous technology. For example lower cost, Multi-standard wireless system, higher speed of 100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s) and Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x). Other features include: Ad Hoc Networking, IPv6 Core. OFDM used instead of CDMA and Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n 4G mobile will be widely used both in internet access service on personal computers and in cell phone communications. It will enable the access and use of broadband connection in homes or in other areas accessible to the network. It is not therefore surprising that the companies trying 4G mobile communication to expand there coverage. Companies use 100 Mbps for mobile users and up to 1 Gbps over fixed stations Wimax Technology    WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is one of the telecommunications technologies that offer wireless data transmission through a different form of transmission. It has got approximate speed of 72 M/s through wireless access. It is based on IEEE standard of 802.16, it usually also called as Broadband Wireless Access (Steinbock, 2005).         Wimax (802.16) is the next stage to a broadband as well as a wireless world, extending broadband wireless access to new locations and over longer distances. Wimax

Investigation How Business Work Essay Example for Free

Investigation How Business Work Essay My name is Jasper and I have been asked to choose a company and investigate all about that company. The company I have chosen to investigate about is Safeway Supermarkets. In this task, I will be investigation the business objectives of Safeways and why they have those objectives. Safeways was first started in 1977 and has grown very large since than. It is in the service business where by they buy stock from manufacturing companies and sell it on to their customers and its also a public limited company (Plc). Safeways now own about two million high street stores in the U.K. alone and are now looking to opening some of its stores in other parts of Europe. The head office of Safeways is at London. All decision must be clarified or accepted by the people at the head office before it goes ahead. Safeways makes an income of 50 million pounds a year and are stills looking to improving their income. Safeways vision in future is to become (The first choice food retailer for all their customers locally.) over the past four years, Safeway have been working hard to achieving its vision and to achieve it, they have set out the following objectives. * To have the best promotional deals on the products which most of there customers regularly buy. * To have the best and most innovative fresh food offers * To have the best product availability, keeping their shelves full every hour of every trading day * And to have the best customer service, in a warm and friendly store environments. Explaining of objectives * The first objective of Safeways is to have the best promotional deals. If they do have the best promotion, more and more customers will buy from Safeways and the more the customers the more profit they make. * Now a day, people are breaking from the habits of canned food to fresh food and if Safeways could do this than a greater number of customers will buy more and more from them meaning they get more profits. Safeways sells ready prepare meals for customers who dont have time to cook. * The third objective by Safeways is to keep their shelves always full so that customers dont go to other stores when Safeways dont have stokes on their shelves. * The fourth objective by safeways is to have the best customer service. If they dont have good customer service to help customers when they need help, customer will go somewhere else and they will loss money. The functional areas of Safeways Lawrence Christensen, CBE, Group Operations Director, Safeway Stores plc, is the Main Board Director with Corporate Social Responsibility, which incorporates Health and Safety and Environment. He chairs the Corporate Social Responsibility Steering Group, which oversees, reviews, monitors and advises on CSR matters particularly where they are of concern to our stakeholders. He also chairs the Corporate Due Diligence Committee, which reviews, monitors and advises on due diligence matters associated with product safety, employment, environment and health and safety. Jack Sinclair, Group Marketing and Trading Director, chairs the Commercial Committee which is responsible for reviewing and making decisions with regard to Trading and Operational performance of the Company, including Promotional and Pricing Strategy, Store and Product Category Performance and Marketing, Seasonal and Range Initiatives. Liz Kynoch, Technical Director, Chairs the Executive Health and Safety Committee and has day-to-day responsibility for health and safety management as well as Product Technical Issues. Jim White, Human Resource Director, employs staff for the company and also makes sure that employees are working in a safe environment. It also dismisses an employee who does not perform his or her job properly. David Wilson, Company Secretary, Chairs the Product Policy Group Committee, which defines and refines company policy. The Board then signs these off. He has responsibility for assisting the Board to ensure compliance with all its legal obligations and to ensure that in regard to corporate governance the Board takes account of, and reflects, wherever appropriate, the standards required by the combined code appended to the UKLA listing rules. His role is to ensure that the Board follows its procedures fully and that in the management of the business, it has regard, at all times, for its duty to act in the best interests of the company (present and future shareholders), and to have regard to the interest of other stakeholders. These stakeholders are employees, customers, suppliers and any others who may be affected by its operations. He is vice chairman of the Corporate Due Diligence Committee and a Member of the CSR Steering Group. Nicola Ellen, Strategy Manager CSR, reporting to Lawrence Christensen, is responsible for day-to-day CSR management. Which is the report sent to stakeholders of how the company is doing in teams of income and the company environment. Dr. Kevin Hawkins, Director of Communications reports to the chairman (David Webster) about the press release and public affaires. He also chairs the Charity Committee, which manages the corporate charity budget. David Webster, director of Finance chairs the finance departments. His job is to give financial advice to the company and to also calculate the profits and loss of the company. He also keeps financial records of the company. Department job roles In every functional area, there are different job roles. A job role tells determines the jobs and tasks of employee that they are being expected to do. Below are some of the job roles in the functional areas. Human Resource * Employ and dismiss employee on reasons. * Motivate * See that all employees are treated the same due on their work. Marketing and trading * To promote products * Perform researches * Good communication skills Technical * Make sure that all employees are working in safe environments. * Get safely equipments for employees * Test employees knowledge of safety incase of emergency Communications * Have good communication skills * Be very persuasive * Make sure that the press dont release bad stuff about company Strategy * Be able to know what company need to survive * Be able to create reports (CSR) * To be able to set out companys aims and objectives Laws, which protect Employee rights. The governments has set up laws just is to protect the employees rights. These laws are to be followed by employers or they could be put out of business. The laws are has follows. o Employments Rights Acts1996 o The Sex discrimination Acts 1975 o Race relation Acts 1976 o Disability discrimination Acts o Equal opportunity legislation The Employments Rights Acts This rights covers mostly all the other rights of the employees i.e. * The employer must give the new employee, a written statements or a contract no more than 8 weeks after the employee has started working for the company. * All employees must be given an entitlements pay slip, which shows the gross and net pay etc. * An employee asked to work on Sunday can opt-out by serving notice. * All females can take maternal leave and can return to work on the same terms and conditions has they were. * An employee can act has a trade union official or health and safety official and cannot be dismissed. * All employees who have been dismissed through redundancy have the rights to receive redundancy payments if they have been working fro the firm for more than two years. * Employee have the rights to take a time of on the grounds for jury service and antenatal care * Any employees that this dismissed from working on medical terms have the rights to receive payments for up to 26 weeks. The Sex discrimination Acts 1975 This act makes it illegal fro any employer to discriminate upon anyone on the grounds of gender either directly or indirectly. This act applies to the following recruitment and selection for jobs and promotion, training, the way you are treated in a job, dismissal and redundancy. The Race Relation Acts This act makes it illegal fro any employer to discriminate against on the grounds of the persons colour, race nationally, or ethnic origins whether directly or indirectly. The Disability Discrimination Act This act is concerned with the discrimination against people with disabilities in employments, when obtaining goods and service or buying/renting land or property. The disability can be physical, sensory or metal but must be relatively long tern (for more than 12 months). An employer must not treat a disabled person more favorably than able body person whether in recruitments, training, promoting or dismissal unless it can be justified. Employers must also be ready to make reasonable adjustments to the work place to enable a disabled person to do their jobs. Disabled person who suffers any discrimination can report their complains to the employments tribunals. Discrimination in this case is not divided into direct or indirect but less favorable treatments can be justified. Equal opportunities in Safeways Safeways makes sure that it follows these acts. In order not to violate any of these Acts, it states at the bottom of its application forms about the above acts. An example of safe ways employments from has been attached to this work.

Role of Health and Social Care in the UK

Role of Health and Social Care in the UK Introduction: In United Kingdom health and social care is a team that provides integrated service about it. This unit grows absorbing the values and principles that corroborate the application of all who work in it. Health and social care is generally called â€Å"HUMAN SERVICE† in Canada and U.S. They give security to the patient and ensure that during treatment they won’t face any problem. They can take treatment safe and secure. Confidentiality, Communication, Promoting anti-discrimination, Rights, Acknowledgment is some principles o it. Confidentiality means keeping information secret. Patients don’t want to show their records. Communication is very important for this sector. It is a common allowing access between persons or place. Anti-discrimination activities means don’t make unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people. Task 1 A young child undergoing physical abuse from his parents: â€Å"Make Child Protective service† This Principle I would like to follow Children’s are often physically abusing by their parents. It makes a huge effect on their health and mind. Parents should have known about the impact of physical abusing. When a child has hit or slapped on the side of head he might injured badly. Its also causes death. Child may lost their hair or teeth and also broken bones by beating. They are depends on the adults for grew up. Sometimes we see that child is murdered by their parents. They are need love not hit. Not only parents but relatives are also providing them with love and support. Local health and social service departments can arrange parenting classes. Social workers can help the parents to understand the psychology of their children. Solution: Multi-agencies can promote an approach. They can promote or the welfare of the children. Common assessment framework (CAF) plays a vital role for the children. They can identify the child who is abused by his parents physically. Some voluntary organization is take responsibility to stop the child abuse. They are often working very closely to a child and their family. Child can get help from them. They provide this child health treatment. Agencies can make them sure to their security system. Their motto will be we don’t need more we service more. Its mean that they don’t want more they want to serve the survived person. Inter-personal agencies can do something to eradicate this problem. Child abuse is a crime they can aware this around the people. They can arrange a psychological treatment to the parents who are psychological abnormal and hit their children. (b) A wife whose partner is subjecting her to domestic violence: â€Å"Promoting Anti-discrimination practice† This Principle I would like to follow Domestic violence is comes from the discrimination between two people. Women’s are the victim of this abuse. It can be physical, sexual, mentally. It often occurs because the spouse of the women thinks that abuse is the accurate justice. Domestic violence is a complicated matter that needs sensible handling by health and social care professionals. Health and social care specialist, commissioners may take some steps to prevent it. They can contract with them who are experience domestic violence and abuse. Then make them aware of the social impact for this violence. Solution: Multi-agencies are aware of gender discrimination. They are work or it. Some agencies are taking some essential steps to stop it. If a women facing domestic violence she has a right to stop it. Domestic violence is caused for many reasons. If two spouses mentality is not same, If they are not educated, If two persons society is not same. The problems are small but the impact is not small. Multi agencies are making some policies to eradicate the problem. They can make this problem solve by consulting with them. If women face this type of violence she should confirm the others. She should want divorced from her spouse. The men who are occurring this violence are indicated and give them the hard punishment. Gov should regulate a strong act against the domestic violence. Multi agencies can give the affected women’s free medical treatment. They should provide them security. The un-job women are facing this problem. I agencies arrange job for this women’s for the betterment o f their life. (c) A young person living in a home for people with learning disabilities â€Å"Increased Acknowledgment† This Principle I would like to follow Disability means a person who are lack of experience, education, knowledge, manner, manage. Learning disability mean unexpected gap between a person’s level of experience. If a young person lives in a house which people have no knowledge, he can’t learn anything. Young boys live with his family which members are not educated, and then the young person does not understand the value o education. He don’t lean the social behaviors and articles. He is not aware of the health. Family is the primary stage of person’s acknowledgement. Some learning disabilities are listening, speaking, reading, writing and spelling. The learning disability person have problem with concentration, memorizing something. If one is not listening he is a problem to learn. Solution: Some multi-agencies are working or people with learning disabilities. Their motto is give more and takes less. Agencies are beyond health and social services. They identify some people who have this problem. They are participating in some form of joint working..They are make relationship among the contestants and creating opportunity to work together. They can make a promotional program. They build a school for this type of person who is facing the problem lack of learning disability. They are making social aware of this problem. This type o person is not accepted easily in society. They are isolated by some narrow minded person. Because of this people awareness is very important. Health and care service are give them medical treatment to overcome this. When a child born If it has this problem so immediately he have to start the treatment. Task 2 Role of Care Standard Act, 2000 Care Standard Act (CAS) 2000 was activated on 20 July 2000. It is following two white papers which are produced by the govt. in 1998 and in 1999. It is establish by a national care standards commission. The role of this act is very meaningful. This legislation is establish to make act for the adjustment and regulation of Summary of this act: Establish a new and self-sufficient regulatory for social care and voluntary healthcare service. Improvement of the care standard Establish new councils for registration of social care workers Gov has to introduce necessary standards of health and social care. Reducing the poor providers. Residence limitations such as – disposable income. Less entry to benefits. Incentive work, less independence and ordinary life. The main motto of this act is to reform the ordinance system for care service in UK and Wales. This act is playing a vital role on the standard health and social care. Government can establish policies for the implementation of the health service. This sector has many policies to make the people useful. Local policies developed the service sector beneficial for people. The regulation of care 2001: The care homes regulations 2001 is now working under a new function of domiciliary care. â€Å"the children’s homes regulations 2001†. It is amendment with relation to â€Å"the care standard act†. A care home must be registered. Accommodation can be registered if they provide standard degree of care. It also defines that personal care should not include any activities which are done by regulation. It works independently in April 2002 under the regulation of care act 2001. The objective of this is act: Keep people safe. Promote dignity Support independence Regulation the care service School care system Care home for the children and youngsters, and aged people. Hospital care system. Welfare of users Personal plane Fitness in relation to child minding; Fitness of managers; Facilities in care homes; Medical practitioners in care home; GSCC code of practice: It is a Social care council (GSCC).it running their activities in England. It is a â€Å"public body† .it has no department. It Built in October 2000. And it is developed by â€Å"The Department of Health†. It is a record of care employees. It describes the conduct and practice required for care workers as they go their routine work. It consists of 6 care value. Care worker must care of the rights and must promote the interest of users. Care worker must compete to establish the faith of users and careers. Care worker advertise the independence of work, they protected from danger as far as possible. Care workers must respect the rights of the service. Must uphold public trust Must be accountable for your work and take responsibility. Task 3 Bereavement: A woman is recently lost her spouse. Bereaved means the reaction of loss of a beloved person by death. Some people can cope up with the situation and some can’t. In this time she get depressed. Her mentally situation is not good. She can survive from economic problem. She may be more socially isolated. She feel lonely and affair of living home alone. If she wants to get married again the society make problem. But it varies on the soceitys culture. The main problem is that she is facing the economic problem. Some social agencies make policies to help them who are bereaved. And help them to deal with this situation. They give them psychological treatment and try to make them normal. They can ensure their security. The impact of this policy is very effective. Society can get rid of this type of problems. The care centre can give them health treatment also. They can also give the psychological counseling. They can start a job to met financial needs. She gets help from the care centre. Government can get rid of this problem. Relocated from one country to another: Parents relocation is give impact on the child. For bringing up a child both of them are needed. By these child are not get proper right to bring up. Impacts: They feel lonely at their life. Because their parents are busy and nobody can fill up the absence of parents. They don’t know the actual manner of time, eat, speaking, learning . They don’t know how to speak? How to speak with others? This is the responsibility of their parents to give them this learns. If they are absent the child is not grew up properly. They feel suffocated. It makes them sick too. If they are not happy they feel many heath related problem. They are not getting help and care from their parents in their emergency situation. They can involve in the bad culture. They might start to take drugs. The society might think it negatively because o the parents absence the children may face many difficulties and they might involved with violence. Ultimately, the society is facing this problem. Parents make some solution to recover this problem. They can make the contact with their children. The opportunity of contract between them is very important to solve this problem. Identical twins raised in a different environment Identical twins are look alike. They are not only look alike but their like, dislike are same. It is a matter o wonder that their decisions are sometime same. Identical twins are same in behavior but also have some distinction .genetically and physically they are same but they are influenced by the environment. This is real evidence that a twin’s baby were separated at birth. They are being adopted by different families. They are unknown to each other. They are brought up with the different culture. But both of them have abilities in mechanical drawing and carpentry. There are some examples of some identical twins. They have matched their school subject. They like smoking and like to drink. Sometimes they got headaches at the same time of a day Identical twins have different cultural but their behavior or habit are same. Some similarities of them : They are matched their school subject. They are got headache same time They married same type o girls/boys. They have same abilities to work. They have same color of their eyes They are like to listening same type of music. They take same decisions at a same point. Some distinction because of bringing up different environment: Their culture might be varying by their environment. Such as one is bring up in UK and another is in India. Both countries culture are not same. They are differs from their food habit. Their language is different. They have different height or weight. Task 4 Responsibility and duties of my (as a manager of hospital ward) Hospital management is vigorous and an adaptable job. The duty of the manager are not same .its varies on the area. They have to skilled, knowledgeable and sharpen. They have some essential duty such as record keeping, hiring good staff, fiscal management etc. Hiring qualified staff: A manager is responsible for hiring staff for a hospital. It is the main duty and he has to fulfill this responsibility carefully. Staff can be nurses, administrator, doctor, surgeon, word boy and other maintainer. Manager should check their personal files and records to ensure that they are qualified for the hospital. Record keeping: Some hospital manager appointed someone to keep the patient records. Because he has much work to keep the facility go on .however they ensure the patient that their records are safe and secret. Fiscal management: It is very important role for a manager, Hiring the medical supplies, setting rate for the service. Make financial framework by implemented new program and expended old. Make a strong security system: Make the clinical practice is safe and effective. Make this highly protective. Patient and their relatives are satisfied. There have some duty for a manager Ensure my clinical practice is safe and effective. Give extra facilities to the patient and their relatives. Make nurses and word boy satisfied by providing their rights. Follow a good management process. Give confidentiality about patients report. Daily operation Ensure good communication between doctor and patient. Example: I had been work in a hospital. My designation was â€Å"ward manager†. To be a good manager you have the knowledge about the management presses. I follow a ideal management practice. During my time I hire some qualified staff for the hospital. And I hire the best supplies for surgery. That’s why the patients are satisfied and they comfort safe at the hospital. My recommendation about these policies in order to good practice; 1. Hire a qualified staff team. Staffs are the essential part of a hospital. A good staff makes a hospital popular. This policy can make the good practice. If my hospital doctors are satisfied their patient by giving good treatment the patient has feel. If the nurses are properly take after the patient it impacts well. 2. Make the security system good: The security system is also managed by the manager. He has to ensure the patient that their records are safe and nobody can see this. Patients are not wanted to show their records. They want to get secret it. If the hospital manager make it sure that their records are safe it is good to the hospital facility. Make the patient sure that the hospital management are confidential to their records. 3. Follow a good management process: A manager has to follow the best management system. He has to think about the beneficial of the hospital. A good monitoring system is important. Choose good staff. Give the staffs proper right. Give their salary on time. Make sure that the managing system is very hard. Conclusion Health and social care give security to the patient and ensure that during the treatment they won’t face any problem. In task 1 we talk about some social problems like child abusing, discrimination and lack of learning we discuss the solution from get rid o this problem. How multi agencies can promote some approach to give the service. In task 2 we discuss the care standard act 2000, the role o the act and the implement o this act. This act is playing a vital role on the standard health and social care. Government can establish policies for the implementation of the health service. This sector has many policies to make the people useful. Local policies developed the service sector beneficial for people. How this act make our society beneficial. The care home regulation and GSCC code the role o this code in our society. Task 3 is on social emotions and different behavior of people how a widow feel when she lost her husband in a age of 35, how a child facing problem If his parents are relocated from one country to another, Parents relocation is give impact on the child. For bringing up a child both of them are needed. By these children are not get proper right to bring up Identical twins are look alike. They are not only look alike but their like, dislike are same. It is a matter of wonder that their decisions are sometime same. Identical twins are same in behavior but also have some distinction .genetically and physically they are same but they are influenced by the environment. In the last task we talk about a Manager who works at a hospital. What his responsibility to manage the hospital and how he does it properly.

The Reign of King Louis XIV Essay -- European History

The Reign of King Louis XIV Louis XIV had a passion for glory and used it to fight four wars because he was motivated by personal and dynastic considerations. King Louis XIV was born in 1638. He became king at age four, and received only a mediocre education. He was taught nothing beyond pious works and decorous behavior at religious observances. He came into full power of France in 1661. Louis married Maria Theresa of Spain in 1659. When Mazarin died in 1661, Louis decided he didn’t want a powerful advisor and then started to change history. Louis had the longest reign in European history of 73 years. King Louis XIV distrusted the Protestants and everything they stood for. Because of that, he revoked the Edict of Nantes and torn down the walls that surrounded Protestant towns. The walls were erected to help the Protestants feel safer. He spent a lot of tax money building Versailles. That angered most people, because Versailles was only for Louis and his rich noblemen and their wives. Louis also increased taxes to stave off financial disaster, which failed. The people rev...

The Power of Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure Essays

Today, children can kiss their youth goodbye. Starting as young as 12 years old, tweens, the term coined for kids in between child and teen, begin to face the cruel world of reality: drugs, sex, alcohol and violence. At 12 years old, the world should be perfect. Instead, the world is far from it. Kids have too much exposure to the dangers the world has to offer at an early age because of what surrounds them. Because of the influences of peer pressure, parenting and, of course, the relentless media, today's children face problems at a young age that can potentially lead to serious complications in the long term. Everyone's doing it, right? Wrong. Peer pressure is when a child does something he or she does not want to do as a result of being pressured by friends. All children experience peer pressure and give into it at one time or another. Fortunately, most children are not "experimenting" with drugs, sex, alcohol and violence. Even though most kids are not indulging in these activities, there still are a handful who are and they attempt to pressure other kids to do what they a...

ANTIGONE :: Drama

ANTIGONE HISTORY OF GREEK THEATRE 25 hundred years ago, two thousand years before Shakespeare, western theatre was born in Athens Greece. Between 600 and 200bc the ancient Athenians created a theatre culture whose form, technique and terminology have lasted to millennia and they created plays that are still considered amongst the greate3st works of world drama. By 600bc Greece was divided into two states. The most prominent city state was Athens where at least 150,000 people live. It was there that the rites of Dionysus evolved into what we know today as theatre. Dionysus was cult that arose in northern Greece. Since Greek and Attica theatre are sometimes referred to as attic theatre. Sometime during the next 75yrs thepis of Attica added on an actor who interacted with the chorus. The actor was called the protagonist, from which the modern word protagonist is derived meaning the main character of drama. An important part of Dionysus was dithyrambs which meant chronic hymn. This chant or hymn was probably introduced accompanied by mimic gestures and probably music. It began as part of a purely religious ceremony. MASK/CHOROUS Plays where performed in day time. The annual drama competitions in Athens spread over several entire days. Actors probably wore little or no make up. Instead they carried masks with exaggerated facial expressions. They also wore buskins which were leather boots laced up to the knees. There was little or no scenery. Initially, most of the acting took place in the orchestra. Later as the importance shifted from chorus to the characters, the action moved to the stage. UNDERSTANDING MY CHARACTER Choosing to play the part of a man didn’t seem a big deal to me even though this character I was to play was a king. I thought I could easily relate to the character even though I am not a man but during my character development process I started finding it more difficult to get into the role. I decided at this point that if I was going to play this character properly I would need some help and practice. My character Creon comes across as a very strong character and quite arrogant to a certain extent. I thought to get an insight into my characters personality and mind set I would put myself in a higher position than everyone else, I would act as if every one around me were peasants. I tried to do this for a couple of hours at first I did get it right and I managed to carry myself graciously but lost it after a wile. Later in the evening I was watching TV and then it

Canon: Modifying a Successful Strategy Essay

Canon is a Japan-based manufacturer, with worldwide sales exceeding US$45 billion, and profits of almost US$3 billion. Canon’s well-known product lines include business machines, medical equipment, semiconductors, cameras, video equipment, and broadcast equipment. Business products account for 75 per cent of Canon’s total annual sales, cameras represent 18 per cent of sales, and optical equipment and other products comprise 7 per cent of sales. In most of its markets throughout the world, Canon’s major competitors are other Japan-based manufacturers, such as Sharp (which has a strong line of inexpensive photocopiers and other products aimed at the same small-business market that Canon often pursues, Minolta ( Japan’s largest camera manufacturer and Nikon (known for its technologically advanced products). It also competes against such U.S. firms as Xerox, Kodak and RCA. In 1985, Canon was the 125th largest firm in Fortune’s ranking of industrial corp orations outside the United Stats; today it is in the top 100, Because it is highly committed toward maximizing its long-term performance (as are most Japanese companies), Canon re-evaluated its overall Marketing approach and strategy – so that it may prepare properly for the future. In particular, Canon addressed these two areas: its need to be more market-oriented; and the need to maintain its strong level of foreign sales, particularly in North America and Europe. Over the years, Canon viewed itself as a technology-driven company. According to its corporate communications manager, â€Å"we aim to develop our own unique technologies, which can then form the basis of our products.† As a result, Canons new – product development has been considered a function of Research & Development, not Marketing. But then, the firm realized that this approach must be modified: Canon must change from a product-oriented company to a market-oriented one. Until now we have been more concerned with production and sales than Marketing. We will be focusing more closely on the needs of different consumer groups in each country and less concerned with the traditional production-oriented way of thinking. As part of the need to be more market-driven, Canon restructured from its present three product-based divisions (business machines, cameras, and optical equipment) to a more market-driven structure. In giving Marketing a greater role, Canon is also keeping this in mind: â€Å"As Marketing is made stronger, there is the risk it will weaken the motivation of the engineers who both pilot the new technologies and develop the new products.† With regard to its international efforts, Canon relies on overseas markets for 70 per cent of its total annual sales; this is a much higher percentage than for its competitors. For example, North America and Europe are Canons largest markets; each of these markets comprises 30 per cent of Canon’s sales. Annually, the company spends millions on media advertising, point-of-sale displays, and other promotion materials in North America and Europe. To be more responsive to foreign-market needs, Canon introduced a global Marketing system in recently. This system allows Canon to have similar products and Marketing approaches in various overseas markets while it better tailors business plans to the specialized needs of major market areas. For instance, Canon could develop a computer system with standardized hardware for all market areas, but with software that is tailored to each specialized market. To reduce the impact or trade barriers (such as trade-protection laws restricting the sales of foreign products in domestic markets) and the high value of the Japanese yen relative to other currencies (thereby making Japanese products more expensive in other markets), Canon has begun opening more Research & Development and production facilities abroad. The objective of such a strategy â€Å"is to make Canon a company with no national identity and free from trade friction, keeping production facilities close to the place of consumption.† 1aDescribe the potential areas of conflict between the research-and-development department and the Marketing department at Canon. 1b How may potential conflicts be minimized? 2a Evaluate pros and cons of Canon’s proposal to switch from product-based to market-based business units. 2bWhat are Canon’s new business unit names? Briefly describe the target segment for each business unit. 3.What are the advantages and limitations of using the Boston Consulting Group for business analysis? How can Canon use the BCG matrix in planning its Marketing strategy? 4aCritically assess Canon’s recent international Marketing decisions. 4bIn light of the restructuring, devise a new vision statement for Canon. (Hint: â€Å"A vision is a guiding image of success formed in terms of a contribution to society. If a strategic plan is the â€Å"blueprint† for an organization’s work, then the vision is the â€Å"artist’s rendering† of the achievement of that plan. It is a description in words that conjures up a similar picture for each member of the group of the destination of the group’s work together.†) 5.Why might is be necessary to modify a successful strategy?

Physiological Aids in sport Essay

Physiological aids are banned substances and methods that athletes use within competition and training to improve their performance. Physiological aids are used in sport as they help an athlete’s performance. Some aids help to increase heart rate, adrenaline rate and stimulate the body but other aids lower the heart rate and change the growth of muscles and bones. Sport is suppose to help us learn from defeat and victory, encourage us to participate in team sports, encourage a spirit of co-operation, and interdependence, and mainly encouraging moral and social values. It also means that an individual person can lead a healthy lifestyle while performing and also helping the individual to bring about a healthy, integrated society. There are many influences on drug use, the media, the money their performance can bring in, the sponsorship and many other critical factors in an athlete’s career. There can be no justification for athletes to cheat in order to win or that the pressures and temptations are all the same for the athletes. Most athletes turn to drugs because of pressure, it all comes down to pressure really but some feel greed and wealth. The main reasons are usually:  ·Winning can bring millions of dollars in sponsorship and endorsement;  ·Society places great emphasis on success in sport, which puts more pressure on an athlete to win;  ·Some banned drugs can speed recovery from injury, which means athletes can be back training, competing and winning more quickly;  ·Some athletes believe their competitors are using drugs and that to be competitive, they need to take drugs as well;  ·Some athletes’ desire to win is so great that they are willing to use any means, including cheating to gain success;  ·Some coaches may push drug use to enhance their athlete’s chances of winning, which boosts their profile as a successful coach. Prohibited physiological aids Anabolic agents- there are two types of these agents- there is anabolic androgenic steroids and beta -2 agonists. Anabolic androgenic steroids are substances that contain anabolic and androgenic properties. The anabolic properties help to increase the growth of the muscles and bones. The androgenic properties help the male’s reproductive system, helping to release more testosterone. Anabolic steroids are used to increase the strength of an athlete and also their muscle size, they also help to decrease the time the body takes to recover after exercise. So because of this the athletes train harder and for longer the extra training gives them an advantage over other athletes. This drug can cause many physical problems like heart problems, liver damage, jaundice, euphoria and there are also mental effects like mood swings, improved self esteem, depression and aggression. Male athletes can suffer from effects like baldness, the development of breast tissue and even infertility. Female athletes can suffer from effects like menstrual problems, foetal damage, clitoral enlargement, increased facial and body hair and also a permanent deepening off the voice. They can be detected by using gas chromatography in an athlete’s urine. Beta -2 agonists are normally used medically to treat asthma, therefore when they are taken they can increase lean muscle mass and also help to reduce body fat. The side effects of beta -2 agonists are dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches, palpitations and some nausea. Beta -2 can also be detected through the urine. This drug is one of many that are banned but in some forms this drug can be taken but only for medical reasons and that will not give unfair advantages to the performer. Diuretics This type of drug helps an athlete with a certain weight category in sport, it helps the body to produce more urine so the body weight can drop significantly so they fall into a certain category. Such sports like judo, horse racing, and weightlifting, when these drugs are taken give the athlete an unfair chance of beating their competitor(s). These also help an athlete to reduce the chances of detection of other drugs by diluting their urine. The main side effect of diuretics is dehydration but they can also cause headaches and dizziness and a loss in coordination or balance. This drug is also detected within the urine. Before, during and after exercise, it is essential that sportsmen and women take in a considerable amount of fluid, this is because dehydration can occur resulting in other side effects and also excessive loss of water effects the heart and kidneys, they could fail which mean this could be fatal to the athlete. Narcotics Narcotics help an athlete to push himself harder and further because his pain threshold is bigger, it helps him to continue exercising/ competing even when injury has occurred. Narcotics have similar effects to heroin or morphine. Narcotics are strong painkillers and they are usually competitors are tested for them when they compete. Many narcotics are illegal substances and not just in sport, these drugs are potentially addictive. Side effects from these drugs can seriously put an athletes performance in jeopardy because if the athlete continues to exercise, whilst injured it can cause further injury, even though narcotics stop the pain once they wear off the pain will be worse, like all other drugs they also cause loss of balance, lack of concentration, nausea and even vomiting, constipation and breathing/ respiratory problems. These drugs can become addictive. Detection of these drugs is also through the urine by gas chromatography. Peptide hormones There are many different substances within this class of drugs: Chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophin (LH) Corticotrophins (ACTH, tetracosactide) Growth Hormone (hGH) Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) Erythropoietin (EPO) Insulin Chorionic gonadotrophin Chorionic gonadotrophin is a drug that when in a males body can help produce testosterone at a much faster rate, it is mainly used to overcome effects of testicular damage and sometimes it is also used as a masking agent. This drug is normally produced during a pregnancy and increases natural male and female steroids. This drug can cause many side effects just like the effects of most other anabolic steroids but this can also cause gynaecomastia. Immunoessay is the only way to detect this drug and this drug is only prohibited in men. Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophin The pituitary gland produces pituitary hormones, and the hormones released consist of many different types, including the leutinising hormone. Hormones act as messages from one organ to another, these hormones stimulate growth, a person’s sex drive, pain threshold and a person’s behaviour. The leutinising hormone stimulates the male’s testis or the female’s ovaries. If used in a male this drug (also like hCG) helps to stimulate the production  of testosterone, if used in a female this drug stimulates the ovaries. The synthetic gonadotrophin helps the body to regulate gonadotrophin production or use. This drug has no real side effect it depends on the drug used. An immunoessay test is the only way of detecting this drug as well, this is done through the urine. Both of these drugs are only prohibited in males. Corticotrophin Corticotrophin is a drug that helps to increase the levels of endogenous corticosteroids (cortisone) in the blood. This drug is normally used as an anti-inflammatory drug. This drug has many side effects both long and short term ones. The short-term side effects are ulcers of the stomach or stomach irritation and even psychological effects like irritability. The long-term effects of this drug are weakening of muscles and connective tissues of area of injured muscle, tendon or n ligament and even osteoporosis or cataracts. Corticosteroids, are drugs that are used for therapy or treatment of injuries, there usage is legal but only for these purposes. Blood doping Blood doping is a way an athlete removes blood from their bodies. An athlete will do this about a week or two prior to competition, and then they will replace it just before the competition. After the blood is taken the body has to replace the missing blood, the athlete will then replace the blood they have taken from their own body resulting in the body having additional blood. The additional blood results in additional haemoglobin and therefore a greater ability for oxygen uptake. Many things can go wrong with this method, un-sterile needles can be used, the blood is not stored correctly or another person’s blood can be accidentally used. Athletes can receive AIDS/HIV hepatitis and many other diseases. If their blood is not stored right then that can have major effects on the body and if the blood used is different to their blood group the body will reject this blood causing more problems in the body. Growth Hormone (hGH) The growth hormone is a hormone that is also released from the pituitary gland and is necessary for the growth of bones and muscles and also for the growth of children. The growth hormone is used by athletes to increase their muscle mass size and also their strength. This drug can cause the overgrowth of body parts such as hands, feet, the face and it can also cause soft tissue swelling and increased sweating. The most fatal effect of this drug is it causes heart disease. Insulin- like Growth Factor (IGF-1) This type of drug is often used to increase protein synthesis and reduce muscle cell breakdown in the body. When the muscle cell breakdown occurs it leads to an increase in muscle bulk and helps to reduce body fat. This drug also occurs naturally from a mother’s milk. The side effects of IGF-1 are headaches, joint pains, and enlargement of internal organs, changes in musculoskeletal shape and size e.g. enlargement of the jaw, hypoglycaemia (which is low sugar in the body) and also acromegaly (which is the overgrowth of certain organs like the feet, face and hands). Muscles also become stronger from this drug but taking this drug also results in the muscles getting weaker because of degenerative changes in the joints. Erythropoietin (rhEPO) Erythropoietin is a drug that helps to increase the production of red blood cells in the body. When the red blood cell amount increases the amount of oxygen able to be carried around the body increases meaning the muscles gain more oxygen, this helps the athlete’s performance. When the drug increases the production of red blood cells it also increases the risk of the blood clotting because it is thicker. This is very dangerous for athlete’s that perform endurance events because their blood is much thicker due to dehydration. Insulin This drug is normally used to treat diabetes; it increases the amount of  sugar in the body and also increases the metabolism of foods. If this drug is used alongside other drugs like anabolic steroids and clenbuterol it can increase muscle growth and increase muscle definition. But these drugs used together can cause severe side effects and even death. Insulin can also cause hypoglycaemia, this causes shaking of the body, drowsiness, increases in respiratory rate, weakness, it can also cause the body to be comatose, it can cause brain damage and can also cause death. Stimulants Stimulants are usually only tested for in competition circumstances, but in some causes the drug can be tested for in other sports. Stimulants consist of substances such as amphetamines, caffeine (prohibited in large concentrations) and a number of the active ingredients in cold and flu preparations (i.e. pseudoephedrine). The side effects of stimulants include an increased heartbeat and can have an impact on the body’s natural ability to regulate its temperature. Stimulants are used to reduce tiredness, increase their alertness and arousal levels and also to boost their confidence. Sports such as endurance, fast moving sports and contact sports are the main events in which this type of drug is used. Stimulants can cause many risks to the body, it can cause possible collapse and even death, it increases the blood pressure, and makes the athlete dehydrated and can cause hypothermia. The athlete can also become dependant on this drug, appetite can be lost and the person can also become very anxious and aggressive.

Cultural Identity Interview and Analysis

An interview with a member of the Mexican American community was conducted on December 1st, 2007. This research will provide a summary of that interview; particularly, it will include a description of the rules, norms, traditions, and values of Mexican American culture. The research will also discuss: a) how the assumptions regarding cultural norms affect the interviewee’s behavior in his daily life; b) any disadvantages related to his culture being outside â€Å"the norm† and how he reacts to that; c) any advantages related to being assimilated to the â€Å"normative† culture and how he reacts; d) his sources of strength or support; e) an analysis of the four dimension theory and how it relates to the interviewee’s life. Finally, the research will provide some insight on how one can effectively communicate with people of other cultures. In fact, communication with various members that belong to other ethnic groups (i.e. Arab Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, etc) may be difficult some at times because of the cultural difference that exists between the groups. Jose Luis Aguilar was born in Tijuana, Mexico on January 7th, 1972. Mexican is the ethnic group he belongs. He lived in Mexico for 29 years. In 2001, he immigrated in Los Angeles, California. Job opportunities, presence of family members, and the presence of a massive Mexican community were the factors that brought him to immigrate into the United States. Mexican Americans are the largest Hispanic or Latino ethnic group in the United States. According to the 2000 Census, approximately 20 million Hispanic or Latinos of the 35 million in the United States are Mexican Americans (U.S. Census, 2000). Mr. Aguilar’s native language is Spanish. However, during the past years spent in California, he was able to learn basic English, although it remains a second language as the majority of the Mexican American who live in the United States. Richard Schaefer stated â€Å"as of 2002, about 23 percent of Mexican Americans are English dominant, 26 percent are bilingual, and 51 percent are Spanish dominant† (Schaefer, 2006, p. 241). Mr. Aguilar’s religion is Catholic. Indeed, Mexican Americans represent â€Å"the largest number of Catholic immigrants to the United States comes from Mexico; Mexico also sends the largest number of Protestant immigrants to the United States† (Murray, 2006). Mr. Aguilar is married. He has a 1 year-old son. Aguilar’s family has a patriarchal organization as the same as other many Mexican American families have. According to Kathleen Niska, Mexican Americans Families â€Å"continuity was characterized by mothers doing tasks inside the house, fathers doing tasks outside the house, and both parents performing toddler and early childhood tasks† (Niska, 2001). One of the Mexican traditions that Mr. Aguilar mentioned during the interview was â€Å"quinceanera†. This ritual is celebrated in church when women reach the age of 15 to thank God that they arrived to this stage of their lives. Similar to a wedding day celebration, the celebration of a girl's fifteenth birthday is a major event in most Hispanic girls’ lives as it means that she begins her journey to adulthood (Mattel, 2001). They are ready to get married. The ritual of quinceanera is viewed not only as a gesture to strengthen faith and family but also as a means to prevent teen pregnancies. A quinceanera also allows for sending a message of sexual responsibility (NC Times, 2008). Mr. Aguilar is an independent contractor mainly for real estate management companies. He provides general maintenance services at $10 an hour. So far, he had limited choices regarding the jobs (e.g. janitorial, landscaping, and maintenance) he could do since he moved into United States. Lack of education and his pending status with INS (he has not received his green card yet, work permit only) were the obstacles that did not allow him to obtain better paid jobs. According to David Spener, â€Å"Mexican immigrant workers play an important economic role inside the United States as well. They constitute a significant portion (8 percent) of the total U.S. manufacturing work force† (Spener, 2000). Mexican Americans are usually have been seen by American companies as â€Å"cheap labor†. Mr. Aguilar shared that members of his culture had been affected by any form of racism, prejudice or discrimination. In particular, he pointed out the bilingualism issue and the tension that the proposition 227 created among his community. Proposition 227 went into effect in 1998 and required that all public school instruction had to be in English. A) How do assumptions about cultural â€Å"norms† impact your interviewee’s behavior on a day-to-day basis? Mr. Aguilar pointed out how one particular assumption regarding Mexican Americans culture affects his life on a day-to-day basis. He mentioned that one of his cousins was a gang member; he was killed months ago. A popular assumption is that Mexican American gang membership is generational which means the membership from a father to a son or from a family member to another one. Therefore, based on this assumption, people believe that he is a gang member. So, Mr. Aguilar’s behavior is direct to prevent anything that may mislead people in this sense, e.g. wearing red or blue, or specific clothing, or having tattoos. B) Does your interviewee recognize any challenges or disadvantages related to her/his culture being outside the â€Å"norm†? How does he/she respond to those challenges? Similar to several other fellow Mexican Americans, Mr. Aguilar is able to communicate in his native language without learning English properly. In fact, Spanish language is commonly spoken in the city of Los Angeles. Almost every place (grocery stores, restaurants, public offices, and so forth) has signs and directions in Spanish language. This massive promotion of Mr. Aguilar’s native language in the United States encouraged by Mass Media represents a disadvantage. Radio and television have also been factors that allowed Mexican Americans, as Mr. Aguilar, to maintain their original cultural values. In fact, in 2004, there were over 678 Spanish language radio stations compared to 1982, when there were 12 Spanish language television stations in the United States. This number more than doubled within 10 years. Several artists (e.g. Jennifer Lopez or Shakira) helped to promote their cultures by singing in their traditional languages (Jandt, 2007). Mr. Aguilar has responded to this challenge by enrolling himself in an adult school in order to improve his English. However, as of today, he is still struggling to write, read and speak English fluently. C) Does your interviewee recognize any privileges or advantages associated with assimilating to the â€Å"normative† culture? How does he/she react to that recognition? Mr. Aguilar recognized that being assimilated to the â€Å"normative† culture has some advantages. In particular, he stated that a positive aspect is that immigrants learn the language of the â€Å"normative† culture; they are able to avoid any form of isolation and segregation. Furthermore, these immigrants likely will not face any prejudice from the dominant society as he experienced during his stay in the United States. During the interview Mr. Aguilar recalled a few family acquaintances with 3rd generation sons and daughters who had an adaptation in the American culture different compared to their parents. In fact, they were able to go to school, learn the language, get a college education, and obtain a good job. They became a part of the American culture. In fact, they celebrate the 4th of July and the Thanksgiving, which are truly American holidays. They also had to learn about professional sports other than Mexican soccer. He now is also watching baseball, basketball, and American football games. D) What does that person cite as being sources of strength or support? Mr. Aguilar cited church and family as his sources of strength or support. As many others fellow Mexicans Americans, Mr. Aguilar gives exceptional importance to religion and family on a day-to-day basis; he is very active in his community especially with humanitarian initiative promoted by his catholic church. Mr. Aguilar is very family orientated. He tries to spend as much time as possible with his family; it may be common to see him doing business with his families around. E) An analysis of the four dimension theory and how it relates to the interviewee’s life A theory from the course that was well related to Mr. Aguilar’s interview is the â€Å"four dimensions of culture† by Geert Hofstede. Particularly, Aguilar’s interview confirmed that in the Mexican culture masculinity is predominant, mostly due its history. Mexican families were mainly patriarchal therefore men were in charge of the family; they were working to provide money and food while women were at home taking care of the children. Mexican culture is based more on collectivism due mainly to the fact that more people with financial difficul ties seek to one another for help or gather together (e.g. two or three families living in the same apartment). Power distance is embodied in the Mexican culture. Mexico is a developing country with significant financial problems. The difference between people (e.g. poor and rich people) is well marked. Finally, the fourth dimension, uncertainty avoidance, is correlated to religion and history of the cultures (Jandt, 2007). Roman Catholic Christian cultures and cultures with Romance languages (e.g. Mexico) tend to score high. In conclusion, communication with various members that belong to other ethnic groups may be difficult at times because of the cultural difference that exists between the groups. However, inclusive language can be an effective way to communicate with such members. Mr. Aguilar and the interviewer are from different culture backgrounds. There were times during the interview where inclusive language was used to avoid miscommunication. Choosing the right words when communicating with members who have different backgrounds may help to prevent miscommunication that may end up stereotyping them on the basis of race, gender, disability, religion, or other factors. Furthermore, conducting research and gathering information on members with different backgrounds may help not only to overcome language issues but also can assist people in becoming more culturally sensitive.References http://nsq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/14/4/322 http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2008/01/05/faith/17_56_271_3_08.txt

Peace Building in West Pokot

Abstract Peace and stability are significant components of development in all spheres across the globe. These necessitated the emergence and growth of peace building and conflict management efforts world over. However, conflict related challenges continue to threaten the survival and continued existence of many groups, communities, states and regions in the world.In Kenya, an analysis of West Post Sub-county reveals the existence of multiple intervention efforts by the Government and several stakeholders In peace building and conflict management. However, little has been achieved so far as a result of these efforts. This study therefore examined peace building and conflict management programs In West Post Sub-county wealth the Republic of Kenya, and the residents' perceptions on the effectiveness of these programs In the Sub-county.Its Justification was based on an argument that West Post conflicts have had far reaching consequences to the residents of this study area and country at large. This study further focused on the Post-Turban conflicts and the subsequent peace building and conflict management initiatives in the area. Based on the outcome of this study, there were several peace building and conflict management programs in West Post Sub-county, many of which were carried out concurrently.Disarmament program was found to be unpopular with majority of respondents expressing disapproval due to its involvement of force and brutality, while the peace committee model was highly rated with most of the respondents approving it as largely inclusive. In conclusion, the Government should adopt a holistic approach that incorporates all approaches and stakeholders, especially the local communities. In addition, the Government should also address social issues that escalate conflicts.

How to diagnose cervical cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to diagnose cervical cancer - Essay Example Its symptoms, diagnosis, and ways in which it can be treated are also discussed (Dunleavey 38). Thus, this text will be very effective especially to those who have little or no insight on issues related to cervical cancer. For those already suffering from cervical cancer or those charged with taking care of cervical cancer patients, the article is aimed at educating them on the disease. What is Cervical Cancer? According to Dunvealey, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer affecting women of different ages (38). Despite the fact that it is not a sexually transmitted disease, its occurrence is linked to a human virus known as the papilloma virus, which is sexually transmitted. When the diagnosis of cervical cancer is conducted early, there are very high chances of survival of the victim and if not, death is inevitable. For example, in the United Kingdom, the national screening has reduced the deaths of the victims of this disease (Dunvealey 38). The most common symptom of cer vical cancer is abnormal bleeding, especially between periods, after having intercourse, or during postmenopause. It is also accompanied by non-appealing vaginal discharge, which is bloody, watery, may be very heavy, and in most cases, has a foul smell. Other signs include lower back pains, dysuria, hematuria, and rectal bleeding (Moini 362). How to Diagnose Cervical Cancer Every cancer has its own methods of diagnosis and treatment. For example, cervical cancer screening is totally different from the screening that happens in cases of breast cancer. The following are different methods used to diagnose cervical cancer: Cervical smear: It is usually performed in order to detect cellular changes. In this method, cells are gathered from the transformation zone using a spatula together with an endocervical brush. A slide acts as the surface on which samples are smeared onto and then sent for lab analysis. Though this method has the advantage of being simple and cheap, it has been found to possess some imperfections (Dunvealey 38). The most common abnormalities observed after cervical smears are high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSC), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSC), and abnormal squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US). The last one is the most common Pap smear finding (Dunvealey 39). Liquid-based Cytology: This method is preferred because of the short comings that come with the cervical smear method. The collection of the sample is done in a way similar to sample collection in the cervical smear method. However, in this method, the spatula’s head is cut and preservative liquid is used to rinse it. This is then transported to the lab and processed to remove the irrelevant materials, and the resultant cellular suspension is transferred to a slide and stained (Dunvealey 38-39). Though this method is also advanced, it is also not very complicated; it is very practical and quite inexpensive in diagnosing cervical cancer. As seen earlier, the papilloma virus is a major cause of cervical cancer; it brings about the HSC, LSC and ASC-US. It is thought to infect basal cells within the cervix and gain access via minor trauma or at the squamocolumnar junction. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which is a grading system, is used to grade biopsies in

Management and Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Information Systems - Essay Example And when the management team and the employees work together, they will be aided by various tools, including technological tools Through out the 20th century, many technological products including Information Technology products were developed around the world, which had and is still having applications in all spheres of human lives. Out of the many technological products developed, a good number are being used in organisations, particularly Information Technology products. That is, organisation of today have used or integrated technology in every aspect of their functioning. From opening a simple door to carrying out advanced operations, technology has become an omnipresent entity in organisations, with their entire operations hinging on the support provided by technology, particularly Information Technology. The employees working in organisation will use the technological tools in various ways to complete their works effectively, easily and quickly. But, at the same time, the same employees could use the technological tools, specifically Information Technology products negatively to gain undue advantages or profits for themselves, and thereby cause damages to the organizations. This could happen when the employees’ thought process due to the certain negative situations and intentions, starts functioning in the negative direction. Negative direction in the sense, the employees instead of positively contributing his/hers skills, knowledge and experience to the organization, will try to damage their employers in all aspects using Information Technology. The employees could wreck the organisations in which they are working, by using Information Technology in both ways, that is, they could alter or break down the Information Technology products found and functioning in the organisatio ns, and also they could bring in or use other external Information Technology products from outside to disable the technologies used in the organisation. Apart

Critical Debates in Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Debates in Planning - Article Example 361). This a precise resolution to the ideology of devolution, and by so doing, the Scottish government shall be working to perfect their administrative goals in the field of devolution. Clifford and Morphet 2014: Devolution is different from the federation since devolved leadership of the sub-national authorities may be ultimate or temporarily reside in the central federation of a state. Therefore, a certain state may remain â€Å"de jure unitary† due to devolution. It is true that the past predictions on UK devolution, which leads to widespread policy in planning remains not materialized. The fact that there are similar themes handled in planning reforms of all UK and Ireland territories suggests that devolution has resulted in the creation of new space for policy mobility and experimentation. This is because political parties formed in each devolved nation has highly changed since their establishment, and new powers granted to them after implementation of devolution Acts (Clifford and Morphet 2014, p. 1). Arguably, the dynamic changes are contributing factors to the modern day democracies. There are related themes in planning reforms of all territories of Scotland and UK, and the form in which the particular concepts about a new approach can be found in a particular territory and appearance in another territory afterwards. The adaption towards consumption of renewable energy, for example solar and wind started in UK and was later on adapted by Scotland. This suggests that devolution in these nations has come up with a new space of policy mobility and experimentation (Tomaney and Colomb 2013, p. 8). The transfer has a higher probability to occur when there are proximate lessons (transferred from ideologically, geographically, or culturally proximate jurisdiction). This can definitely be witnessed with the devolved UK

Human behavior as it relates to safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human behavior as it relates to safety - Essay Example Theory X proves, that most workers do not like work and try to avoid it, so the best incentives for these workers are either forcing them to do something (using total control or methods of punishment), or provide them with additional rewards (financial or tangible). Thus, a worker will keep to safety rules if he receives a reward for this, or if he is punished for not doing this. On the contrary, theory Y states, that a worker is eager to take responsibility, and he can get satisfaction from his work. The main incentives for him are self-affirmation together with tangible and intangible rewards, and even enforcement (in some cases) (Mroszczyk 2012). Thus, a worker usually keeps to the safety rules, if he is satisfied with his job, or if the companys management motivates him to do so. Theory Z differs from the previous theories, as it suggests a brand new approach to treating and motivating workers. This theory suggests to put emphasis on care about every worker as a person, attract them to group decision making and organize constant feedback between workers and managers. Thus, a worker himself is attracted to make decisions on his safety and is encouraged to do so for the sake of himself and his personality. Psychologists proved, that increasing attention to a worker, holding a constant dialogue between him and his leaders, encouraging him think differently are better methods to increase safety at a working place, than to use incentives or enforcement (Geller 2001, Hofmann and Morgeson 1999). Thus, theory Z is the best for predicting a workers behavior towards safety. Hofmann, D. A., Morgeson, F. P. (1999). Safety-related behavior as a social exchange: The role of perceived organizational support and leader–member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(2),