Health Promotion Study Guide Essay

un health is an event that manifests itself-importance through observable/ felt changes in the body. Illness is the severalize in which the physical, worked up, social, intellectual or spiritual military operation is diminished or impaired comp bed with preceding own. It is non synonymous with complaint and may or may not be link to disease. Illness is highly subjective. health is the state of being healthy in both body and mind as the result of deliberate effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an approach to healthc atomic number 18 that emphasizes hindering illness and prolonging keep as opposed to emphasizing tr withdraw diseases.Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness 1) physical 2) Social 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) spiritual 6) Occupational and 7) environsal. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective science of vitality and vox populi well which flush toilet be expound objectively, experienced, and measured and corporation be plan on a continuum. Dunns impression of high train wellness theorizes that wellness is the stage of illness/health modified by the environs. It says that it is an integrated method of process that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the mortal is capable.It requires that the exclusive exercise a continuum of relief and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. The forbearings perception of health, wellness and illness must be con typefacered by the nurse in recite to abide individualized, quality trouble. Lifestyle factors that enchant health (PP wellness Promotion and disease Prevention) Internal and external factors influence health status. Internal factors embarrass Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, exercise and stress).External factors include Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, travel on motorcycle), and Standard of living (less educate the poorer the health). How to take a patients temporaryerature using assorted routes (Lab & Kozier PP. 532-537) There atomic number 18 a number of body spots for quantity body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal big(p) temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In quondam(a)er vaingloriouss ( > 70), temp is usually 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are usually 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. spontaneous Most common route.Place thermometer lowneath the tongue on either side of the frenulum. Do NOT take in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to hire if patient has had anything cold/hot to insobriety in last 30 minutes. rectal Most faultless route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sims position. render gloves and instruct patient to take a slow deep breath during insertion. butt in 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal su rgery, has lower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, has a change state disorder or Pt that has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who exact had an MI.It is believed that this female genital organ stimulate the pneumogastric nerve nerve which can cause myocardial damage. Tympanic Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees high than oral. These are non invasive and quick. To measure temp, bow out pinna pretty upward and back( adults) and rouse the study slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the probe slowly using a rotund motion until snug. Axillary The least accurate route but safest route. Dry section pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate development it must be leave in place for a long age. temporary Artery Safe, noninvasive and very fast.Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a see infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then pinched laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched(p) behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health anguish Three levels of preventative care are Primary focuses on health shape upance and protection against specific health problems or health stakes. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to largely healthy individuals or conferences. Examples include Immunizations risk appreciatements for specific disease i. e. iabetes health facts of look about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on aboriginal identification of health problems and spark intervention to alleviate health problems. aim is to identify wad in early stages of disease process and to limit here after(prenominal) disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health caution for citizenry with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include concomitant regular medical/ dental checkups principle self exam of breast application surveys hypertension).Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the tendency of returning the soulfulness to optimal level of functioning, within the constraints of the disability. This level of prevention occurs after an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include caring for someone with a continuing disease referring patient with colostomy to support group t to each oneing patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( nubble disease) referring patient with spinal heap injury to a rehab to receive education to maximize his remaining abilities.Understand who the senior(a) adult is and physiological/psychological changes flourishing psychological aging is reflected in the senior(a) individuals ability to conciliate to physical, social, and emotional harmes and to achieve contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The some clip(a) adult continues to learn and problems break up and intelligence and personality remain as they have always been. A persons social ability does not change during the course of their life if you were a young extr all overt/introvert you leave be an old extrovert/introvert. light growths as we age.As a person endures older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are macroscopical and some are not. In oecumenic lean body mass decreases, pad tissue appends, and bone mass decreases. intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. come up puzzles drier and less elastic and they become more susceptible to skin tears. reasonless prominences may become visible. There is a expiration of overall stature and osteoporosis can occur in muckle who have insufficient intake of calcium and in women who have been through menopause. There is a steady de crease in go across fibers.Reaction quantify slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced elasticity and change magnitude rigidity of arteries and an ontogenesis in caudex pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in many older adults. Decreased immune response and let down resistance to infection is normal. Many older people have decreased thyroid function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory faculty is reduced with age. of age(p) adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and inveterate disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have much to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) Retirement this is frequently a difficult time of allowance account for people. Many have a sense of self worth from working and omit a sense of identit y when they complete working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) scotch Change- Decrease in finances related to retirement and lack of pension plans/savings. Health care costs skyrocket because of increase in illnesses.This decrease in financial re ejaculates can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people collide with closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very big stressor. Older adults can either live with their children live in assisted living, live at class with adult day care, live in a long term care facility or in closed-door group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to maintai n their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and Grieving as people age the chance of their collaborator dying increases. Friends and family members die and this is a utmost of adjustment and grieving. The older person has touchs of loss, conceitedness and loneliness during this time. According to Erickson the developmental designate at this time is ego vs. despair. plurality who attain ego integrity go steady life with a sense of oneness and derive satisfaction from past accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people depress focusing on their corporate trust and spirituality. Most people start an indispensable life review and seriously start opinion about their own close at hand(predicate) death. Caregiver Role Strainwhat is it? What nurse interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver employment strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardi ze their own health and well-being.Nursing intervention would be to come on caregivers to express their feelings and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with care heavy(p) and experience the caregivers competence. Through conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desire or need. Identify possible source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. incite the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves. write out about these nursing diagnoses Coping ineffectual, worry, dread (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping care Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an mechanical response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual) a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipati on of danger. It is an qui vive signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear response to perceived threat is consciously recognized as a danger.Ineffective Coping Inability to from a binding appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use resources. toll associated with estimation of pulse (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of pulse Terms Locations Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) measure wander of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the subject matter. Cardiac output brashness of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X marrow Rate (HR) per minute.Compliance ability of the arteries to plump out Peripheral pulse pulse turn up away from the heart Apical Pulse central pulse apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse tactual exploratio n feeling Auscultation hearing DUS Doppler ultrasound stethoscope Tachycardia besides fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm pattern of the beats and the intervals between beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia impermanent rhythm. Pulse volume pulse capacity or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat.Elasticity of the arterial wall reflects its expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion blood flow to a special(prenominal) area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication (P. 469-470 box 26-2) grand opening statement General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing overlap observations Acknowledging feelings Silence Giving information clarifying Implied verbal communication Summarizing Focusing (from origin point 18 in communication) further information can be be on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 Different line of businesss of teaching cognitive, affective, psychomotor (P. 89) Cogni tive domain the thinking domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes starting with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain the feeling domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a persons depth of emotional response to tasks. Psychomotor domain the achievement domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal vital signs for the adult and older adult. Average range for adults (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (>75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures