The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory essays

The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory articles The job of the hippocampus in learning and memory has been inspected for a long time. Studies have utilized rodents, monkeys, and different creatures and given them an assortment of sores to the hippocampus and different pieces of the cerebrum. These were trailed by an assortment of tests that included learning and memory. Albeit the vast majority of the tests demonstrated a connection between's physical issue to the hippocampus and tribulation to learning and memory, the degree of the testing and the detail to which is has been contemplated gives an a lot bigger image of the opportunities for human examination. Olton, D.S. rodents. Diary of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2(2), Olton and Samuelson finished six tests for their investigation of rodents and spatial memory. All investigations utilized a spiral arm labyrinth for testing. The initial three included setting the rodents in the labyrinth to investigate and look for food. An assortment of changes were made in each test to test spatial memory. The aftereffects of these tests demonstrated that one the rodents started to run into the arms of the labyrinth, changes had no impact on the precision of decision. Trial four was worried about the memory component of which arm had been picked already. The creators made changes in the labyrinth, and they contemplated the information from various points. The rodents memory forms while critical thinking was contemplated. Examination five expanded the quantity of decisions, bringing about a decrease in exactness, and trial six tried the succession of changes made in the labyrinth and whether the rodents could rapidly recuperate decision precision. By and large outcomes show that rodents can recollect which arm of the labyrinth they have just picked, yet this is influenced by both the expansion in the quantity of decisions and the timeframe between reiterations of decisions. The rodents regarded each arm as a different space and put away the data in a similar way. ... <!

Your shoes and flight Free Essays

Flight and Your shoes both have numerous likenesses. The two of them manage growing up as the characters switch and develop all through the narratives. In Flight the granddad is obstinate toward the beginning of the story yet as the play goes on, he chooses to surrender and let the granddaughter free. We will compose a custom exposition test on Your shoes and flight or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Your shoes manages growing up also, however the characters change marginally; this is demonstrated when the mother at long last thinks of her government aides to her little girl regardless of indicating such a great amount of affection for her which makes it difficult for her to state her government aides. Flight begins with granddad clutching his preferred pigeon. Granddad allows the pigeon to pigeon however when the pigeon spreads his wings he catches it again and places the pigeon into a little box where it can’t escape â€Å"He intentionally held out his wrist for the fledgling to take off and got it again right now it spread its wings. He might want to bolt his granddaughter up a similar way he bolts up the pigeons to make his granddaughter avoid Steve. He needs to control his granddaughter like he controls the pigeons. This pigeon is an image reflected towards the granddaughter. The granddaughter has an appealing portrayal; this shows the pigeon is contrasted with the granddaughter. The two of them are alluring and he controls them. Your Shoes begins with the mother composing a letter to her anonymous little girl. The mother starts of saying â€Å"I thought I realized you just as I probably am aware this house† this shows the girl was concealing something or her little girl has grown to a limited extent where she has begun to keep mysteries. While in Flight, the granddaughter doesn’t keep mysteries, she could’ve kept insider facts and fled like ‘the little girl in Your shoes’ however she was so full grown and insightful, so se chose to reveal to her folks about he relationship with the postman’s child. She did that since she knew she’s mature enough to settle on her choices and her folks won’t conflict with it The primary similitudes among Flight and Your shoes are contrasting non living things or creatures and individual. In Flight the granddad looks at his granddaughter to pigeons, while in Your Shoes the mother is contrasting her little girl with her daughter’s shoes. Flight manages the connection among Alice and her granddad and Your Shoes manages the connection between the mother and little girl, yet in addition between the mother and the dad; the girl and her dad. Your shoes and Flight use representations to portray their connections, Flight utilizes the illustration of pigeons and Your Shoes utilizes the allegory of shoes to depict the relationship. The two stories talk about affection and forlornness. In Flight the granddad wouldn't like to allow his granddaughter to leave, since he is frightened to be separated from everyone else. ‘Can’t we keep her a piece longer’ this statement shows the solid love which the granddad feels for his granddaughter. In Your Shoes the girl has ventured out from home and the mother is urgent to have her little girl back, on the grounds that she adores her and feels forlorn with out her ‘I knew you’d come back’ this statement demonstrates the yearning of the mother for her little girl. The two stories additionally have the experience of previous existence. In Your Shoes the mother depicts her involvement in her mom indicating how troublesome it was for her to live with, however she despite everything did. This really shows how the age has changed. So also in Flight the mother utilizes her experience to attempt to persuade the granddad that how cheerful she was the point at which she got hitched to her significant other said in the accompanying statement. The topic about opportunity is being asked in the two stories. In Your Shoes the little girl flees on the grounds that the absence of opportunity was given to her, despite the fact that the opportunity was an excessive amount of contrasted with the opportunity her mom was given, however according to her girl and the age she was living in caused her to feel the opportunity was excessively less. The mother attempts to show how little opportunity she had she despite everything adapt to it, appeared in the accompanying statement. This shows the mother is attempting to utilize invert brain research to win her little girl back. Then again Flight has a similar kind of hypothesis. The granddaughter is requesting opportunity in spite of the fact that she has given the opportunity by her mom, however the granddad doesn’t need her to get hitched that’s on the grounds that he doesn’t need to lose her and doesn’t need to lose the minutes he once had with his granddaughter. â€Å"Think your mature enough to get hitched hey† this shows he his having a go at the granddaughter and attempting to persuade her that your not mature enough to get hitched. The two stories manage development and adolescence. Flight manages youthfulness in the manner that the granddad is desirous of granddaughter’s sweetheart since he feels the beau will supplant â€Å"She didn't turn. She had overlooked him. Along the street came the youngster Steven†¦the elderly person hardened as he watched the door swing back and the couple embrace†. This statement shows that the granddad feels upset that the granddaughter appears to have supplanted him with a gatecrasher. The granddad is additionally terrified of him being disregarded when she leaves, which makes him believe that without her he won’t be cheerful. Flight likewise manages development in the manner that the granddaughter is being addressed irately however she answers in a considerate way, ‘and she said in a perky voice’: â€Å"hullo, granddad.† ‘Politely she moved towards him, after a waiting in reverse look at the road.’ The quiet and pleasant way shows how full grown she is. Contrasted with flight Your shoes just shows adolescence of the girl who left due to her dad having a contention with her, since she went to a dance club and returned home exceptionally late and was flushed, which drove the dad extremely crazy, and he called her a filthy whore and other inconsiderate remarks. By her dad calling her a messy whore made her fell uncertain and caught so she chose to leave. In spite of the fact that the principle topic of â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"Your Shoes† are comparative, anyway basically they are unique, in light of the fact that in â€Å"Flight† the granddad didn’t need the acknowledge the decision of the granddaughter yet at long last the two of them went to an answer and the granddad winds up tolerating her decision. While in â€Å"Your Shoes† the mother doesn’t need to proceed onward. She continually won't put the government assistance of her little girl first, since she realizes that she won’t get this letter and won’t return. Consequently the connection between the mother and the little girl isn't restored and doesn’t have the upbeat completion as Flight The most effective method to refer to Your shoes and flight, Papers

Ideology and History Lecture Essays - Politics, Philosophy

Belief system and History Lecture Essays - Politics, Philosophy Belief system and History Lecture Individual flexibility Old style Liberal, missing of . Accept that residents ought to be in charge, a negative freedom. Liberated from consumption. Positive appropriate for residents to have opportunity to turn out to be all that you are able to do. Restricted Government Opportunity is in chance from government, and therefore the legislature ought to be constrained. Breaking point to 3 capacity; Governments ought to give society from a military from attack, give police power (ensure our property inside). Furnish with an arrangement of court Balance of Right All residents ought to be subjects by a similar arrangement of rules similarly, procedural techniques. Liberal governments are about results instead of the methodology, value. Assent of the Governed Governments accept that stake ought to have the option to cast a ballot, on the off chance that you own property. In the event that you don't have property, at that point you are not qualified for the responsibility for. 1642: After this year, Charles the first was executed Divine privileges of rulers. Britain turns into a constitution government 1688: The bank of England is made Plays a job into the modern insurgency John Locke composes his artful culmination to government. Article Topic Customary Society More distant family, the family is the government assistance condition of conventional society. Family with a great deal of security for a little commitments Solid control of its individuals, commitments to the family never closes. Partitioned into us and them Can not be trusted, no commitments to them, just to the more distant family. Upgrade your respect to the family. Must be hitched and have children. Through marriage you should convey the ages, wed up Organized relationships in Traditional society. Attitude is that youngsters can't be trusted On the off chance that you need any sort of advance and so on it is to originated from the family. There is an exacting guideline for work . Particularly with regards to what people can and can't do. Guys consistently get higher status of work . Men are seen as genuinely solid, bold, pleased, fearless , sharp, terrible tempered, difficult Ladies are quiet, peaceful , moral code. Ladies can't be trusted, huge 3 needs for ladies; Humility, help secure a decent family with marriage, and have children. Desire in a customary society isn't permitted, as it spoke to in an inappropriate sense. Life isn't about delight. Present day Society Singular opportunity is spoken to, making no limitations. Gotten a kick out of the chance to accept that we are Conviction that we can defeat anything, and beat anything. There is profound situated dread of being extraordinary. Gigantic accentuation on self freedom . Individual is critical Opportunity is esteemed Instructed not to tune in to seniors, and make up our own personalities. Accept that we should discover our band together with adoration and not masterminded.

LAND GRABBING KEEPS ME AWAKE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LAND GRABBING KEEPS ME AWAKE - Essay Example With worldwide reports affirming the world’s topping oil, among other more serious dangers, for example, persevering yearning incompletely contributed by anthropogenic environmental change, the putative presence of ‘reserve agrarian land’ in the worldwide south, especially in Africa and the Latin America, has been marked the life saver, in this manner the sensational revaluation and the ensuing scurry to get and control enormous wraps of land for agro-mechanical, huge scope asset extraction activities and food security (McMichael, 2012). Floated by the possibility that drawn out landholdings are the main road to mitigate nonstop gracefully of their needs, ‘finance-rich, asset poor’ nations are forcefully financing the acquisitions in government to government bargains that leaves the poor significantly more terrible off than any time in recent memory. While the flood in the transnational business land bargains ringing in gigantic ‘private and non -private’ terrains to the dispossession of the worldwide poor are guided by the neoliberal strategies under the oversight of WTO, the exchange offs appear to be distant a simply request, for the principles just yet favors the elder sibling, along these lines the quickened land snatching, all the more so in Africa where unutilized land is viewed as abundant and work are moderately modest. Notwithstanding the title deeds gave by generally African, Latin American and Asian nations showing possession, land remains the property of the state. As needs be, the state has all the rights to do whatever it wants, including using as a snare to draw in outside speculations (Houtart 2010). Unexpectedly upsetting is the very reality that Africa, a mainland that faces hunger the most, takes the lion’s portion of the questionable land bargains that compounds their nearby food weakness further, for arable grounds rented in enormous scope to outsiders just deliver food and different items for send out purposes. Little scope ranchers up to this point

Using a case example analyse a decision made by a nurse in the Essay

Utilizing a case model break down a choice made by a medical caretaker in the work on setting - Essay Example Dynamic in a nursing calling assesses the capacity of a medical attendant to recognize and gather basic data in a crisis circumstance, break down on them, distinguish proper choices and all the more critically, execute those choices in such problematic situations.According to the case introduced, the choice of the attendant is to regard the decision of the patient and go with the strategy for treatment, as picked by the patient. (Adair 1999) This dynamic procedure has a basic influence in building up the most mind boggling of all connections in human services †between a patient and the nurse.The medicinal services administrations have improved so much that patients have gotten increasingly careful about the methodology taken for their treatment. (Benner 2004) Many of the administrations are tweaked so that the patient’s endorsement of the procedure taken for their treatment has gotten an unquestionable requirement. In this way, with the developing pattern, individuals hav e begun to comprehend about the various alternatives accessible for a specific treatment and think about the outcomes of every one of the strategies. (Benner 2001) These means of progress towards human services plainly show that dynamic has increased high need among the patients. The changing patterns have ensured that medical caretakers are given full opportunity to extract their obligations and settle on proper choice. Such self-sufficiency has additionally given them prime duty. Any choice that could have serious effect straightforwardly influences the development of their profession. (Division of Health Nursing and Midwifery Council 2002) It likewise goes about as one of the methods for estimating a nurse’s commitment towards progress of human services. The clinical significance of dynamic procedure is legitimately ascribed towards the improvement of patient consideration. Their basic speculation abilities in a clinical field permit them to be effectively receptive to get ting a handle on even similarity to circumstances that could help in improving consideration. (Chapman 1994) For this situation study, the patient is a multi year old female filling in as a colleague in a shop. The patient as got a cut in the proximal phalange on the dorsal part of the center finger. The patient is very speculative towards the idea of needles and stitches and in each chance is agreeable to maintaining a strategic distance from such techniques to treat her. The attendant dealing with the case, being an accomplished expert in nursing gave the open door for the patient to choose stitch and sticking. The medical attendant specialist didn't neglect to make reference to about the favorable circumstances and results of picking every technique. Given the pressure that the patient brings about stitch and needles, the patient’s decision for sticking strategy to treat her was regarded and followed. The primary goal of the medical caretaker professional while settling on the technique for treatment was to regard the decision of the patient. Since the patient was given the subtleties of both the strategies and subsequent to having concluded that the idea of the injury to be a minor one, the patient was given the obligation of self-administration. Besides, the rules of the sticking method were handily fulfilled by the wound’s state and henceforth, the medical caretaker had a simple methodology while settling on the treatment. (Tschudin 1994) Several frameworks like the Clinical Decision Support Systems are utilized to help specialists while deciding. (DOH 2007) Such frameworks are ordered as information based and non-information based. These frameworks chip away at the premise of the data gathered and furthermore on the previous history of the patient to control the experts to take an official conclusion. At last, these frameworks just assistance in controlling the specialists to settle on a choice and they don't conclude any choice. (DOH 2009 ) The speculations of discerning methodology towards clinical dynamic propose that, choices ought to be made on a drawn out premise, taking in subtleties of the numerical information, the probabilities of various choices and others realities. These frameworks help in gathering those exact information and take into account settling on a choice that is very much idea

Good Persuasive Essay Topics Are Easy to Find

Good Persuasive Essay Topics Are Easy to FindFinding good persuasive essay topics is easy if you go about it the right way. And by that I mean you need to find topics that will excite you and compel you to write your essay. That is what we call an assignment, it's not about where you get it, it's about how you use it to get the best from yourself.Our classes are divided into sections. Each section has a book of topics that students can use in their papers. These are going to be difficult to choose because there are so many to choose from.Since we do in fact have a class about all things non-fiction writing, that is one of the topics that students will use in their papers. What if I told you that you could find ways to maximize your writing time by using one of the less common topics for writing. You are going to have to find some way to make your topic unique.I'm sure that you can imagine what some of the more unusual topics would be like, so when you're in the school's library, look through their history of the various subjects. Try reading on those subjects and get a feel for them. Since they are likely not going to be common topics in your class, chances are they won't even be in the books you have there.So when you see a bit of interest in something you want to write about, use it as your unique topic. It's important to remember that the majority of people in school are reading books and the majority of books are written for those students who are English majors. The same goes for your class, so write something different to see if anyone notices it.The reason why you need to write something different is that you don't mind someone else getting your point of view. If the students in the class don't notice it then it will probably be that you didn't make any mention of your originality in your essay.This should be enough to get you started and a few ideas for background information that you can use to help your essay stand out from the rest. I know it may see m easy at first, but if you continue to write essays as if they were report writing, it will be very hard to keep up with.One easy way to increase your level of creativity is to make lists, find subjects in books you don't often read, and use them as essay topics. Just make sure that you don't overdo it. If you're trying to be original, try to follow one of the techniques I mentioned above and you'll have an interesting paper to show to your class.

Drug abuse among health care professionals - Free Essay Example

Drug Abuse among Health Care Professionals Healthcare workers are among the top population for drug abuse. According to the American Medical Association, â€Å"The term ‘impaired is used to identify those members of the medical profession whose performance is adversely affected by drug abuse.†(AMA) Having an impaired heath care worker causes harm to not only them, but puts the client at a higher risk for death. Drug impaired health care workers jeopardize lives every day by working under the influence. This paper will discuss the following topics among health care professionals with drug abuse, the underlying factors, instances of harm related to drug abuse, the statistics of who abuses, and what to do if someone suspects abuse. This paper will in hope give a better view of how to lookout for substance abusers and how to help them admit they have a problem. Drug abuse in health care professionals is an ever growing epidemic. Healthcare workers are just as likely as any other human to use substances in a mann er not legal. There are many factors that persuade them into taking drugs. Drug abuse can be summarized into taking a medication without a prescription, taking more than the recommended prescribed dose, or the abuse of over the counter medications to the point of impairment. Due to the shortage of medical professionals such as nurses, the nurse to patient ratios are growing more and more as the baby boomers retire out. This is putting a substantial amount of work load on to the nurse and causing mistakes to increase. The shortage of nurses also has an increase in stress due to the amount of hours worked. Instead of the normal nurse working a 12 hour shift, it might be necessary to work a 24 hour shift to cover the shift of the night nurse that didnt come in. This increases the risk for abuse to try and stay awake or deal with the depression of not being able to go home. More nurses today are taking stimulants to stay awake to provide patient care. These stimulants put the nurse and patient at risk because of the unwanted side effects such as nervousness, being jittery or dizzy and causing seizures or respiratory depression if too much is consumed. â€Å"Substance abuse is the number one reason named by state boards of nursing for disciplinary action.†(Hrobak) In the state of Oklahoma, if a nurse is suspected of abuse, they must go before the state board in a court appearance, more than likely to have they license revoked, until otherwise proven efficient to work. Other factors to include are, a history of family drug abuse, history of domestic violence, and peer abuse, with many other factors. There a many instances when an impaired health care worker causes harm to the patient and themselves. They can put an entire hospital at risk without even realizing what they are doing. â€Å"A string of mysterious infections at a hospital from 1998 to 1999 were traced to a most unexpected source, doctors are reporting today: a respiratory therapist who is sus pected of having used a needle and syringe to steal a narcotic from the bags of intravenous medicine that were hanging by the bedsides of critically ill patients. The therapist is believed to have contaminated the medications while tapping into them.† (Grady) Bringing in an infection to a hospital can cause everyone grief and patients a higher hospital bill for trying to rid the infection if it doesnt overtake them first. When a health care worker is under the influence many different accidents can happen. Major threats to all healthcare workers are the risk of needle stick injuries. They can inflict a disease of the patient to themselves or pass it on to other patients if not careful with â€Å"dirty† needles they use. A major risk disease that is cautiously monitored in hospitals is AIDS, HIV, and Hepatitis. Without careful monitoring of used patient supplies, more infections can be passed throughout an entire hospital without even realizing. When someone is workin g under the influence, they lose control of the full power of the brain and accidents are more likely to occur. Drug abuse can happen to many other people other than nurses as well. Doctors are just as likely to do the same thing. The following is a medical malpractice case against a doctor. â€Å"A former doctor who admitted he was abusing prescription drugs agreed to settle the medical malpractice lawsuit against him in St. Louis County court this week. The patient, John W. Campbell, accused Michael Impey of putting a hole in his colon during a medical procedure in 2006. About a foot of Campbells colon was removed as a result of the injury. Impey, who lost his medical license soon after the incident because he was abusing pain pills, agreed to settle Tuesday for an undisclosed amount.† (Malik) Without thinking of the consequences of a little abuse, it can cause professionals to lose their license and perhaps never be able to practice again. This doctor might have not bee n aware of the harm he was causing until it was too late to do anything. By that time, most abusers try to cover up mistakes so attention is not brought to them. There are many different statistics used today to describe the amount of professionals relying on drugs to get through an average day of work. There are four major types of drug abuse, alcohol, nicotine, drugs, and inhalants. They can be broadened out into a bigger scope of legal and illegal drugs. Drugs are often times noted as illegal due to the fact that when the abuser deviates away from the proper use of the medication and takes it how they feel will get a better high. Herbal medicines are sometimes considered to be a drug, such as marijuana, but it has not been FDA approved so therefore takes on the name as an herb. This following is a study conducted using physicians, According to addictionsearch.com â€Å"In a study conducted by Cicala (2003) 8% to 12% of physicians were estimated to develop a substance abuse problem.†(Cicala) This could easily be described as they have a license to dispense almost any type of medication and the readily availability of drugs. Anesthesiologists, well known for putting patients under during surgical procedures, are among the top physicians that abuse drugs. They have access to some of the most powerful narcotics and gases that are available and legal to use. Some Dentists are also considered abusers do to the fact that they use nitrous oxide, laughing gas, during procedures, and often times huff it while alone to relax. Nitrous oxide is still considered a prescription because it has to have an order to use it and a license to buy or dispense it. The stress of taking care of another human being and being responsible for life or death choices is not a career for everyone, and they believe can be fixed by getting a high off of narcotics and other drugs. Occasional use of drugs in small dozes can eventually lead to the addiction of large quantities o f drugs several times a day to get the euphoria one is seeking. Nurses are an ever growing field with more than 2.9 million in todays society. The underlying factors associated with work stress and burn out are increasing with nurses. According to addictionsearch.com â€Å"Trinkoff and Storr (1998) conducted an investigation where substance use was studied among nurses. Thirty two percent of 4,438 respondents indicated some substance abuse.†(Tinkoff and Storr) Nurses are constantly working around narcotic and non-narcotic prescriptions on a daily basis. They are the ones who pass out routine medications to their clients and are responsible for the administration of those medications. Often times it has been noted that those sometimes prn (as needed) medications rarely make it to the clients mouth, but to the nurses. With easy access to medication rooms on the floor the nurse is working, it is easy for some nurses to be tempted to take a few extra pills or capsules and n ot note it otherwise. Since many healthcare workers take on the term as a professional, it is never expected for one to abuse substances. Society views health care workers as the ones that know everything about health and how to stay healthy, so it puts that extra stress of societys view onto their daily lives. According to The Journal of Oncology Nurses â€Å"One study reported that the prevalence of use for all substances among nurses was 32%. Compared with nurses in womens health, pediatrics, and general practice, emergency nurses were 3.5 times as likely to use marijuana or cocaine, oncology and administration nurses were twice as likely to engage in binge drinking, and psychiatric nurses were most likely to smoke.† (Tariman) Emergency nurses rate so high in abuse due to the substantial amount of stress that experience with trauma and death in the emergency room. When someone suspects drug abuse, the worst thing one could do is not report it to the administrator or charge nurse, following the chain of command. Most healthcare workers will first go through a series of denial, not wanting to admit they have a problem until they are convinced they need help. Sometimes it is hard to recognize an impaired healthcare worker because they know how to hide the signs and symptoms, although many professionals can still detect the signs of substance abuse. Some signs of drug abuse could be volunteering extra time to work, staying late, volunteering to pass out medications to a patient not belonging to the professional, wasting more drugs than previous workers, orders to the pharmacy for large quantities of narcotics, and isolation to a confines area just to name a few of more than hundred signs available. In todays society there are many programs available to help health professionals not abuse substances. According to an article by Straight Talk, â€Å"Many states have developed alternative treatment programs for nurses rather than immediately taking their license. Thirty-nine states developed programs to channel nurses into treatment and recovery, monitor their return to work, and protect their license.† (Tariman) Oklahoma is one of those thirty-nine states enrolled to help nurses. The Oklahoma Board of Nursing has recently started a new program entitled Peer Assistance. â€Å"The Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program (OPAP) is a voluntary, confidential program, which assists licensed nurses whose competency may be impaired due to substance abuse and/or chemical dependency. We provide a structured, voluntary program that facilitates a recovering nurses return to safe practice, thereby protecting the public.†(Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program) The Peer Assistance program directs individualized care focused to each participant as well as encouragement and support in hopes of persuading them into the right direction. The Oklahoma State Department of health has incorporated a program directed towards assistance as wel l. The program is entitled The Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS). â€Å"Among these programs offerings are assessment and referral, detoxification, outpatient counseling, residential treatment, substance abuse education, transitional living, and aftercare services.† (Substance Abuse Services). They have a main target of prevention of drug abuse by giving classes to at risk abusers but can also help in the treatment of it. With all the help available to healthcare workers, substance abuse shouldnt be hid, it needs to be reported and brought to the abusers attention before things can add up and take a turn for the worse. Healthcare professionals are among the top population for drug abuse. Frequent drug screening and accurate drug counts are just two of the many ways to help control this rising problem. No one wants an impaired practitioner helping in there healing process. It is harmful for the professional and also the patient. Dru g impaired health care workers jeopardize lives every day by working under the influence. This major problem can be stopped by having someone speak up when they notice signs of abuse. Now days many programs are available if the abuser wishes to seek help in stopping the problem before it goes too far. This paper has discussed the following topics among health care professionals with drug abuse, the underlying factors, instances of harm related to drug abuse, the statistics of who abuses, and what to do if someone suspects abuse. In describing the signs to look for, different types of treatment available, and factors leading to substance abuse, it can be up to the everyday population to help recognize these people and help them get help before it puts loved ones lives and self lives at risk. Cicala, R.S. (2003). Substance abuse among physicians: What you need to know. Hospital Physician, 39(7), 39–46. https://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/substance -abuse-among-healthcare-professionals_49.html Denise, Grady. Outbreak of Hospital Infection Is Tied to Workers Drug Abuse. New York Times 16 May 2002, New York.: 16. Print. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/16/us/outbreak-of-hospital-infection-is-tied-to-worker-s-drug-abuse.html Hrobak, Mandy. Narcotic Use and Diversion in Nursing. University of Arizona College of Nursing. 06 January 2009. University of Arizona College of Nursing, Web. 3 Nov 2009. https://www.juns.nursing.arizona.edu/articles/Fall%202002/hrobak.htm. Malik, Shezad. Dallas Fort Worth Injury Lawyer Blog. Medical Malpractice Trial Over Addicted Doctor Begins . Dallas Fort Worth Injury Lawyer Blog , 27 July 2009. Web. 4 Nov 2009. https://www.dallasfortworthinjurylawyer.com/2009/07/medical_malpractice_trial_over.html. Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program. Oklahoma Board of Nursing. 2008. OBN, Web. 28 Oct 2009. https://www.ok.gov/nursing/peer.html. Substance Abuse Services. ODMHSAS. 20008. Oklahoma, Web. 28 Oct 2009. https://www.odmhsas.org/subab.htm. Tariman, Joseph. Understand Substance Abuse in Nurses. 22.8 (2007): 18.EBSCOHOST TCHP, . Substance Abuse in Health Care Professionals. TCHP Education Consortium. 2006. TCHP Education Consortium, Web. 8 Nov 2009. https://www.tchpeducation.com/homestudies/generalinterest/substance_abuse/substanceabuse_webbook2009.pdf. Trinkoff, A.M., Storr, C.L. (1998). Substance use among nurses: Differences between specialties. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 581–585. https://www.addictionsearch.com/ treatment_articles/article/ substance-abuse-among-healthcare-professionals_49.html